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Možnosti metropolitní meziobecní spolupráce a její institucionalizace. Příklad Brněnské metropolitní oblasti

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Kunc J., Šašinka P., Tonev P., Dvořák Z., Raszková S., Novotná M., Chaloupková M., Kubeš F.

Urbanismus a územní rozvoj

2020

issue 6

23-30

Although many countries have long regarded metropolitan cooperation and the development of EU metropolitan areas as an important theme, the Czech Republic has yet to provide substantial support for the process of institutionalization of metropolitan cooperation at any of the key hierarchical levels (municipal, regional, national). In the creation of conditions for metropolitan cooperation, the Czech Republic appears passive, as if playing a waiting game. Many activities in this field can be considered consequences of external pressure or impulses from the EU. Nor has there been adequate professional inter-disciplinary debate providing valid conclusions for planning practice. This article aims to fi ll this gap in the Czech setting. Based on evaluation of the results of a large questionnaire survey (including analysis of statistical data and empirical experience from a model territory), its aim is to analyse and evaluate the potential of municipalities for metropolitan cooperation in the Brno metropolitan area. The model territory has been chosen with care: the attitudes of Czech metropolitan areas to metropolitan cooperation range from the passive role of simple beneficiary of European funds to the long-term conceptual creation of an individual dimension for metropolitan cooperation. As such, the city of Brno is a current leader in the development of cooperation and planning at metropolitan level in the Czech Republic. All three dimensions of metropolitan cooperation (factual, institutional and cultural) have been applied within this metropolitan area. During a 2017 survey, all 166 mayors of municipalities in the metropolitan area outside the city of Brno (comprising approximately 200,000 inhabitants over an area of 1,500 km²) were addressed through an electronically distributed questionnaire. The survey turned out to be reasonably representative: the return rate was 88% (146 municipalities, with the remaining twenty under average population). The results show that potential for metropolitan cooperation is relatively high: three quarters of municipalities addressed are willing to participate in some way. Only one third have refused to contribute financially or by a transfer of competences. As expected, there is very low willingness to merge with other municipalities to increase the efficiency of local administration, but this is not an indispensable condition for the starting and intensification of metropolitan cooperation. Also, the results have confirmed the supposition that willingness to participate depends significantly on the size of the municipality (smaller ones show greater willingness) and the distance to the centre of the metropolitan area (the city of Brno); greater willingness to cooperate is shown by municipalities located closer to the centre. In general, there is considerable potential for metropolitan cooperation of municipalities within the metropolitan area, although this is still very much conditioned and/or limited by financial considerations and the requirement to conserve basic administrational competences that are underpinned by strong historical memory.

V českém prostředí nebyla institucionalizace metropolitní spolupráce dosud významněji podporována na žádné z klíčových prostorově-hierarchických úrovní (obecní, regionální, národní), zatímco její význam je v mnoha vyspělých zemích zdůrazňován a rozvoj metropolitních regionů je v EU velmi podporován. Navíc se plnohodnotná odborná interdisciplinární diskuse k této problematice, která by poskytla platné závěry pro potřeby plánovací praxe, vyvíjí poměrně pomalu. Předkládaný příspěvek se snaží zaplnit tuto mezeru v českém prostředí, zejména prostřednictvím výsledků z dotazníkového šetření a empirických zkušeností z modelového území Brněnské metropolitní oblasti (BMO). Výsledky výzkumu naznačují ochotu obcí k formálnější institucionalizaci metropolitní spolupráce a vybrané kompetence obcí mohou být do budoucna přenositelné na nově zřízenou metropolitní platformu/agenturu. Spolupráce obcí je však stále významně limitována finančními aspekty a požadavkem na zachování základních samosprávných kompetencí podvázaných silnou historickou pamětí.

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1 Urbanismus a územní rozvoj

1 Chaloupková M.

1 Dvořák Z.

1 Kubeš F.

1 Kunc J.

1 Novotná M.

1 Raszková S.

1 Tonev P.

1 Šašinka P.

1 2020

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Možnosti metropolitní meziobecní spolupráce a její institucionalizace. Příklad Brněnské metropolitní oblasti