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1

The battle of Łódź 1914: a chance to develop military heritage tourism in the metropolitan tourism region of Łódź

100%
Bończak B.
Tourism
|
2013
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
17-26
EN
Wars were and still are an intrinsic element in the history of mankind. They bring glory to the victorious, the bitterness of failure to the defeated, and always destruction and suffering to ordinary people, but at the same time they have had a great impact or even shaped the culture of societies. In many places all over the world, as well as in Poland, relics from wars, battlefields, fortifications and weapons are unique and an extraordinary attraction that might bring in tourists. This type of tourism is known as military heritage tourism. In Łódź and its vicinity there are many military sites that might potentially become an attraction. They are mostly related to the great but forgotten Battle of Łódź that took place during the Great War. However, are they attractive enough to create a tourism product?
2
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The Battle of Łódź 1914: a chance to develop military heritage tourism in the metropolitan tourism region of Łódź

100%
Bończak B.
Turyzm
|
2013
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
17-26
EN
Wars were and still are an intrinsic element in the history of mankind. They bring glory to the victorious, the bitterness of failure to the defeated, and always destruction and suffering to ordinary people, but at the same time they have had a great impact or even shaped the culture of societies. In many places all over the world, as well as in Poland, relics from wars, battlefields, fortifications and weapons are unique and an extraordinary attraction that might bring in tourists. This type of tourism is known as military heritage tourism. In Łódź and its vicinity there are many military sites that might potentially become an attraction. They are mostly related to the great but forgotten Battle of Łódź that took place during the Great War. However, are they attractive enough to create a tourism product?
3

Socio-Economic Determinants of the Development of Small Cities in the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region

100%
Dolata M.
Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy
|
2018
|
issue 2(52)
29-38
EN
The identification of socio-economic determinants of the development of small urban centers functioning in the conditions of transformation and metropolization of space constitutes a significant research problem in the area of urban geography. In this study, the problem is discussed in the context of East Germany. The aim of the article is to characterize the most important contemporary determinants and factors influencing the development of small cities in the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. This characterization is based on analyses involving over 100 cities and refers to the spatial and population development of individual urban centers in the years 1990–2015. The research also used statistical material and spatial data sets published by official German national and regional institutions. In the course of the analyses, it was established that the conditions determining the development of small urban communes within the research area are very complex. This results from the overlapping of transformation determinants and factors universal for the whole area and the determinants resulting from the metropolization processes, whose nature and impact diversify in space.
PL
Identyfikacja społeczno-gospodarczych determinant rozwoju małych ośrodków miejskich, funkcjonujących w warunkach transformacji i metropolizacji przestrzeni, stanowi ważny problem badawczy na gruncie geografii miast. W niniejszym opracowaniu problem ten podejmuje się w kontekście Niemiec Wschodnich. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka najważniejszych współczesnych uwarunkowań i czynników mających wpływ na rozwój małych miast w Regionie Metropolitalnym Berlin-Brandenburgia. Charakterystyka ta opiera się na analizach obejmujących 116 miast i odnosi się do rozwoju przestrzennego i ludnościowego poszczególnych ośrodków w latach 1990–2015. W badaniach wykorzystano materiał statystyczny oraz zbiory danych przestrzennych publikowane przez oficjalne niemieckie instytucje ogólnopaństwowe i regionalne. W toku przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono dużą złożoność warunków determinujących rozwój małych gmin miejskich na obszarze badań. Wynika ona z nakładania się uniwersalnych dla całego obszaru uwarunkowań i czynników transformacyjnych na determinanty wynikające z procesów metropolizacji, których charakter i siła oddziaływania różnicują się w przestrzeni.
4

Comparison of Urban and Suburban Rail Transport in Germany and in the Czech Republic

84%
Seidenglanz D., Chvátal F., Nedvedová K.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2014
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vol. 14
|
issue 2
165-194
EN
Rail transport is an environmentally friendly form of passenger transport which can be utilized effectively also in urban and suburban transport systems. The paper describes the urban and suburban rail transport system including comparison of selected Czech (Prague, Brno and Ostrava) and German metropolitan regions (Munich, Nuremberg and Dresden). Its aim is to analyze the importance of various factors influencing the differences between the situation in Germany and in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the research question is whether these differences are primarily caused by a different liberalization stage, or whether they are a result of other factors such as available infrastructure, investment level, rail transport services budget, structure and activity of ordering bodies and coordinators or geographical context. The supply of city and suburban rail transport is quite good in Germany and in the Czech Republic, although trains in Munich, Nuremberg and Dresden run more frequently, faster and are better interconnected with car transport. German rail transport sector is at a higher stage of liberalization, and tendering procedures are the preferred selection method for contractor carriers. However, a degree of liberalization of the railway sector is not the key marker indicating a better standard of urban and suburban rail transport in Germany because it is the high standard which is achieved as the consequence of the professional activity of the ordering bodies and train service coordinators in combination with geographical conditions, available financial sources and effective transport infrastructure. On the other hand, the importance of liberalization cannot be totally overlooked as tenders are a tool for the ordering bodies to strongly affect the price and quality of transport services in their area. The supply of better quality and attractive transport to passengers could increase the usage of rail transport in metropolitan regions and could have indirect but important socio-economic impacts
5
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Założenia i możliwości współpracy transnarodowej między metropoliami na przykładzie Poznania i Berlina

71%
Tölle A.
Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna
|
2012
|
issue 17/18
27-42
EN
Today’s inevitability to create transnational networks between regions is a result of the progressing European integration process as well as of the globalisation of socioeconomic and cultural relations. Managing the development process of a European metropolis requires increasinglycooperation structures with other metropolises in the field of best practice exchange, lobbying, project implementation and regional specialisation, in order to cope with the ever faster changing development challenges. International experience shows that there are also action fields on which cooperation between neighbouring metropolitan regions maycontribute to solve specific problems. From this perspective a set-up analyses of the cooperation potentials between the metropolitan regions of Poznań and Berlin –against the background of both metropolitan regions being members in the transnational macro-cooperation space of the Oder Partnership – highlights the existence of numerous joint interests that maycontribute to the creation of transnational networks.
PL
Konieczność tworzenia transnarodowych sieci powiązań między regionami jest skutkiem postępującej integracji europejskiej oraz globalizacji stosunków społeczno- gospodarczych. W ramach zarządzania rozwojem metropolii europejskich strategie z dziedzin wymiany doświadczeń, lobbingu, realizacji projektów i specjalizacji razem z innymi metropoliami odgrywają coraz ważniejszą rolę w reagowaniu na zmieniające się wyzwania. Istnieją także pola działania, na których współpraca między sąsiadującymi ze sobą regionami metropolitalnymi może ułatwić rozwiązania pewnych problemów. Z tej perspektywy wstępna analiza możliwości współpracy między regionami metropolitalnymi Poznania i Berlina – na tle członkostwa obu regionów w Partnerstwie-Odra – ukazuje istnienie wspólnych interesów, które mogą się przyczyniać do powstawania transnarodowych sieci powiązań.
6
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Obszary metropolitalne w statystyce europejskiej

67%
Zuzańska-Żyśko E., Uniwersytet Śląski W. N. o. Z.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
|
2015
|
issue 22
PL
Artykuł opisuje obszary metropolitalne w Europie w ujęciu statystycznym. Przedstawia sposób zbierania danych w celu porównywania obszarów miejskich we wszystkich państwach członkowskich oraz opisuje statystyczną klasyfikację NTS, która pozwala identyfikować obszary metropolitalne. Dla pełnego zrozumienia miejsca problematyki miejskiej w badaniach unijnych, artykuł przybliża ich genezę. Charakteryzuje także program Urban Audit, który ma istotny wkład w wydzielanie regionów metropolitalnych w Europie. Na zakończenie wskazuje pozytywy, jak i mankamenty przedmiotowego podejścia metodologicznego.
EN
The article describes metropolitan areas in the European Union, in statistical aspect. It shows in what way the data on cities are gathered, and how major urban areas and metropolitan regions are separated. The article describes the metropolitan areas in Europe, in a statistical aspect. It presents the method of gathering data in order to compare the urban areas in all member states. To begin with, it focuses on statistical classification of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – NUTS. It allows to gather the data, including cities, and identify the metropolitan areas. The article also includes a description of a short genesis of urban aspects in the EU’s research. The Urban Audit programme plays a major role in the research. It plays an important role in separating metropolitan areas in Europe. Finally, the article presents the positive and negative sides of the methodological approach.
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