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Ewidencja miast zabytkowych

100%
FR
Au cours des années 1962—1963, sur la commande et sous la direction du Centre de Documentation des Monuments Historiques, un groupe d’historiens de l’urbanisme a procédé au recensement des „centres historiques urbains”. Cet inventaire contient les principales informations concernant l’urbanisme et la conservation des monuments historiques; il se compose de dossiers particuliers contenant: 1. des informations d’ordre administratif, 2. des informations historiques telles que: les premières mentions, la date des franchises urbaines, la caractéristique succinte du développement de la ville au cours de l’histoire, de son agrandissement, des pertes subies, des principales réalisations architectoniques sur son terrain, les données démographiques, 3 . une liste de monuments historiques avec des caractéristiques concises de chaque monument mentionné, 4. la caractéristique de l’aménagement spatial de la ville à l’heure actuelle faisant ressortir ses éléments historiques (notamment le plan, les aspects dominant au cours de l’histoire, le lotissement du terrain, le site), 5. Le matériel iconographique: plan actuel à l’échelle 1:5000, reconstitution des plans et des vues historiques de la ville. Le schéma de ces informations a été établi à base des expériences antérieures d’une étude analogue, réalisée par plusieurs conservateurs des voïevodies, en premier lieu par le conservateur de la voïevodie de Wrocław. L’inventaire concerne au total 1200 villes et constitue un matériel utilisé pour la connaissance générale de l’état de conservation dans lequel se trouvent actuellement les centres urbains historiques en Pologne. En premier lieu, le recensement a permis d’établir les buts du service de conservation dans le domaine de la récherche scientifique concernant les villes historiques qui méritent une étude monographique particulière. D’autre part, l’„Inventaire” constitue sans conteste, un matériel accessoire de grande valeur pour l’ensemble de la politique de protection et de sauvegarde des sites urbains pourvus d’une valeur historique.
EN
Having its genesis still in the inter-war period housing policy has brought about such a big reduction of rents paid in old houses that it excluded the possibility of their repair from the financial means obtained in this way by both private and municipal owners. Together with destruction and negligence' of the 2nd World War it resulted in a catastrophic state of old housing and forced many European countries to take up broad campaigns aimed at the renewal of historic towns. Poland also faces serious difficulties connected with the restoration of utilitarian and historic values of old buildings. They involve not only high costs of the renewal of historic towns, which have to be borne by local and cultural administrative authorities but also shortages of material as well as performance difficulties including a translocation of inhabitants for the time of repair. This can clearly be seen on the example of works carried out in Cracow, Toruń or in other old towns. Only there where it was possible to concentrate both means and executional potential (e.g. Zamość, Sandomierz) certain concrete effects could be attained. Under the present economic situation in Poland it is not possible for costs of the renewal of historic town buildings to weigh down entirely upon the state budget. One should look for other ways of engaging population’s resources and enabling the people to get a comfortable flat in a relatively short time. This solution requires a number of organizational and economic measures that would facilitate repairs (bank credits, material supplies, et.c.) as well as broad campaigns aimed at the release of people’s own initiative.
EN
The article deals with the non-material qualities contained in the landscape of historical cities. Features of this sort are connected with the concept of contents comprehended as sense, essence, significance and message, i. e. as something which has been deciphered, associated, and experienced upon the basis of the perceived elements. Special emphasis has been placed on immaterial qualities associated with cultural legacy as a whole: existential meanings, archetypes, and the symbolic inspired by intellectual or artistic currents, religion, social and political relations, components decisive for the preservation of identity, the tradition of a given site, and the concept of genius loci. The author demonstrates that non-material qualities are embedded in certain types of the urban landscape – its particular elements and traits. While analysing the past from the point of view of an intentional register of the landscape contents by means of signs and symbols, she defines the assorted sources of such contents as well as the varieties and manners of expression. Much attention has been devoted to the contemporary reception of all sorts of meanings amassed in urban space in the course of past years. The presented reflections evoke a proposal of a method of registering the contents and their ensuing analysis, performed in studies concerned with the urban landscape. This method refers to semiotics, the science of signs, and thus enhances landscape studies by introducing a separate current, which takes into consideration all symptoms of the contents, and accompanies another current referring to the form of the landscape and its substance. The proposed method makes it possible not only to record the content in question, but also to define the non-material quality constituted by it. The purpose of making the reader aware of the existence of such a quality involves both its protection and a process of rendering its carriers more legible.
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Pomniki historii

75%
EN
On 22 September 1994 — the last day of the Days of European Heritage held in Poland — fifteen towns, complexes and historical objects of particular merit for national culture were recognised by the President of the Polish Republic, at the request of the Minister of Culture and Art, as monuments of history. This first Polish list of monuments selected among a hundred candidates includes the historical urban complexes of Gdańsk, Kazimierz Dolny, Krakow, Toruń, Warsaw, Wrocław and Zamość, the mediaeval castle complex in Malbork, the monastic-defensive complex of Jasna Gora in Częstochowa and the cathedral-defensive complex in Frombork, the cathedral in Gniezno as well as architectonic-archeological and technical monuments — the prehistoric defensive settlement in Biskupin, the neolithic mine in Krzemionki Opatowskie, the early mediaeval castle- town in Ostrow Legnicki and the twelfth-century salt mine in Wieliczka.
Perspektywy Kultury
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2024
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vol. 44
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issue 1
229-250
EN
The text analyses the fate of Poland’s historic cities in the post-war era, with a focus on the processes of reconstruction and contemporary urban revitalization. It examines the centres designated in the State Register of Historic Places as protected urban areas and analyses changes in population and administrative status. The importance of industrialization processes, especially large industrial and mining investments, for population growth and changes in the character of the historic city was also clearly highlighted. Various factors determining the ideological nature of reconstruction were also presented, as well as the importance of revitalization programs for the transformation of urban historic spaces. It is shown that each of the processes discussed transforms and reinterprets these areas in the spirit of prevailing belief systems and cannot be reduced to a single ideological dimension (e.g., communism). The availability of resources is also an important element affecting the shape of historic spaces, limiting the importance of ideological factors or influencing the nature of revitalization and leading to tourism or gentrification of these areas.
PL
Tekst analizuje losy polskich miast historycznych w epoce powojennej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem procesów odbudowy i współczesnej rewitalizacji miast. Badaniu poddano ośrodki wskazane w państwowym rejestrze zabytków jako objęte ochroną obszarów miejskich i przeanalizowano zmiany liczby ludności i statusu administracyjnego. Wyraźnie podkreślono też znaczenie procesów industrializacji, szczególnie dużych inwestycji przemysłowych i górniczych, dla wzrostu liczby mieszkańców oraz zmiany charakteru miasta historycznego. Przedstawiono też różne czynniki określające ideologiczny charakter odbudowy, a także znaczenie programów rewitalizacji dla przekształceń miejskich przestrzeni zabytkowych. Pokazano, iż każdy z omawianych procesów przekształca i reinterpretuje te obszary w duchu panujących systemów przekonań i nie daje się zredukować do jednego wymiaru ideologicznego (np. komunizmu). Istotnym elementem wpływającym na kształt przestrzeni zabytkowych jest też dostępność zasobów, ograniczająca znaczenie czynników ideologicznych lub wpływająca na charakter rewitalizacji i prowadząca do turystyfikacji lub gentryfikacji tych obszarów.
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