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EN
The publication Idea miastaogrodu a tereny zieleni Warszawy (The Idea of a Garden City and the Green Belt in Warsaw), edited by S. Gzell, M. Sołtys and A. Tratkiewicz-Nawrocka, is the outcome of a seminar and an exhibition under the same title, held in Warsaw in 2002. The seminar was organised by the Warsaw branch of the Society of Architects of the Republic of Poland together with the State Archive of the Capital City of Warsaw. The whole event was part of the Second Autumn Meetings of Architects and Town Planners. The publication contains six papers read at the meeting and addressed predominantly to persons professionally associated with the spatial development of Warsaw, architects, landscape architects and town planners. Adam Czyżewski spoke about Letchworth Garden City. A hundred years later, Ryszard Wojtkowski presented The Ostoja Pęcicka garden city – a forgotten garden, Alicja Szmelter’s paper dealt with The unrealised projects of the Młociny garden city and the sources of its inspiration, Jeremi T. Królikowski outlined The city, the garden city and the landscape city, Alina Drapella-Hermansdorfer discussed Wrocław: from a garden city to a city as a garden and Krzysztof Domaradzki spoke about The Utrata garden city. The conception of garden cities in the Pruszków belt.
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EN
The garden-city idea was created in Great Britain in the end of the 19lh century, when in London and in other industrial cities, problems related with housing and employment have distinctly intensified. They were mainly resulting from the lack of balance between population growth and urban and institutional development of the cities areas. On the one hand progressing industrialization was drawing people in masses into the cities, causing its overcrowding, lack of houses, water, epidemics and increasing expenses of living. On the other hand, migration from peripheries and rural areas was depriving it of man-power, capital and sources that could contribute to the local economic growth. As a consequence of that standard of life of the local communities suffered substantial degradation. The recipe on this situation was suppose to be an Ebenezer Howard s idea of the city and garden connection — the area of intensive development with the green area that distinctly stands out from the surrounding space. The idea was creating a new model of the city and was aiming to increase the quality of urban life and also counteract risk factors and problems of the industrial cities. First garden-eities (Welwyn and Letchworth Garden City) were founded in the beginning of the 20'11 century, and in the short time the idea itself achieved significant popularity all over the World, including Poland. Here garden-cities were created in the surrounding of the large urban centres, amongst others: around Warsaw (e.g. Podkowa Leśna), Katowice (e.g. Giszowiec), Częstochowa (e.g. Żarki) and Łódź (Kolumna-Las, Tuszyn-Las, Grotniki, Sokolniki). However, there were many differences between English and Polish interpretation of the Howard’s idea. Mostly they were resulting from different political and social situations in these two countries but also from a different purpose of its erection. The aim of the article is to elucidate the origins of the garden-city idea and to present and compare the development of an idea on the British and Polish ground, based on the examples of the pioneer Welwyn and Letchworth City Garden and those founded in the surrounding of the city of Łódź. In the paper the attempt was made to investigate and define on what scale the idea of garden-cities was accomplished on the research area, what evolution it went through, and in which degree its effects are distinguished in the contemporary cultural landscape of analysed estates.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie genezy koncepcji miast-ogrodów oraz przedstawienie i porównanie jej rozwoju w Wielkiej Brytanii i w Polsce na przykładzie pionierskich osiedli Letchworth i Welwyn Garden City oraz podłódzkich jednostek powstałych zgodnie z założeniami analizowanej idei. W artykule dokonano próby zbadania i określenia, na ile idea miast-ogrodów została zrealizowana na badanym obszarze, jaką przeszła ewolucję i w jakim stopniu jej efekty odznaczają się w obecnym krajobrazie kulturowym analizowanych osiedli.
PL
Działania marketingowe zaczynają wkraczać w kolejne obszary życia. Koncepcja marketingu miejsc/terytorialnego zakłada budowanie przewagi konkurencyjnej miasta poprzez promocję wizerunku, kultury i historii, wzmacnianie potencjału inwestycyjnego i turystycznego. Istotna jest jest poprawa jakości życia mieszkańców, zaspokajanie ich potrzeb oraz podnoszenie poziomu dostępnych usług publicznych, produktów, infrastruktury itp. W osiągnięciu tego celu niezbędna jest współpraca przedstawicieli biznesu, mieszkańców i władz lokalnych. Duże miasta mogą stosować własne, rozbudowane narzędzia marketingowe – mają na to środki i możliwości. Małe miasta, chcąc zaistnieć i konkurować z innymi, często łączą siły i skupiają się w organizacjach, sieciach promujących miejsca o podobnych walorach, unikalnych cechach. Wspólne działania marketingowe pozwalają skumulować siły i rozłożyć koszty.Cel pracy: przedstawienie koncepcji miast przyszłości – miast-ogrodów. Podwarszawskie Trójmiasto Ogrodów (PTO) jest przykładem współpracy miast, które osiągnęły porozumienie w celu budowania swojej przewagi konkurencyjnej. Dzięki wspólnemu place brandingowimają szansę na podnoszenie jakości życia mieszkańców, promowanie swojej unikalności i zrównoważony rozwój całego obszaru.Materiał i metody badawcze: materiał badawczy stanowi kompilację dokumentów źródłowych, wyników badań ankietowych oraz wywiadów, a także dostępnego piśmiennictwa i informacji uzyskanych od przedstawicieli władz lokalnych oraz wybranych organizacji. W pracy zastosowano analizę piśmiennictwa krajowego i zagranicznego dotyczącego zagadnień marketingu terytorialnego i współ-pracy miast, analizę dokumentów źródłowych (m.in. statuty organizacji, strategie rozwoju miast itp.), a także metody badań terenowych: własne obserwacje, wywiady oraz ankietę. Wyniki: analizowane dokumenty i wyniki badań potwierdzają wzrost rozpoznawalności marki PTO, realizację wspólnych działań na terenie trzech gmin oraz zwiększenie aktywności i integrację mieszkańców, co jest istotnym wkładem w budowanie kapitału społecznego badanego obszaru.
EN
Marketing activities start to enter new areas of life. The concept of place/territorial marketing assumes building town’s competitive advantage through promotion of the image, culture, and history, strengthening the investment and tourist potential. Important is improvement of the quality of life of citizens, meeting their needs, and raising the level of accessible public services, products, infrastructure, etc. To achieve this objective there is necessary cooperation of representatives of business, inhabitants and local authorities. Big towns and cities may apply their own, extended marketing tools – they have means and abilities to do so. Small towns, wishing to become known and to compete with others, often combine their strengths and aggregate in organisations, networks promoting the places with similar values, unique features. Joint marketing activities allow cumulating strengths and sharing costs. Study aim: to present the concept of cities of the future – garden cities. The Warsaw Suburbs Garden Tricity(WSGT) is an example of cooperation of the cities which agreed to build their competitive advantage. Owing to the joint place branding, they have an opportunity to raise the quality of life of dwellers, to promote their uniqueness and sustainable development of the entire area. Research material and methods: the research material is a compilation of the source documents, surveys findings, and interviews as well as the accessible literature and information obtained from representatives of the local authorities and selected organisations. In her study, the author applied a review of the national and foreign literature on the issues of territorial marketing and cooperation of towns, an analysis of the source documents (inter alia, organisations statutes, urban development strategies, etc.) as well as the methods of field research: own observations, interviews and survey. Findings: the analysed documents and research findings confirm the growth of WSGT image recognisability, implementation of joint actions in the area of three municipalities, and an increase of activity and integration of inhabitants, what is an important contribution to building the social capital of the area in question.
EN
The town of Katowice is the site of the only two residential complexes in Poland designed by Bruno Taut, one of the leading architects and authors of German modernistic residential housing. Both complexes, the so-called 'Städtische Kolonie Oheimgrube' (designed in 1915-1916) and 'Werksiedlung Oheim-grube' or 'Kolonie Zalenderhalde' (designed in 1915, built in 1918-1920) are workers' estates commissioned by Hohnelohe Werke A.G. (today: the property of the Wujek mine), at the time part of a group of the largest industrial enterprises in Upper Silesia. With the passage of time, the two premises, up to this day outside the range of conservation protection, succumbed to assorted transformations connected with additions, an exchange of the original outfitting or plaster, etc., which meant that to a considerable extent they lost their uniqueness; at present, it might appear that they are doomed to further degradation. The German example of the conservation of another housing estate designed by Taut – the 'Berlin Onkel-Toms-Hütte' in the district of Steglitz-Zehlendorf - shows that there is a chance for restoring the buildings' exceptional character and original form. A thorough examination of the value of the premise, the process of ensuring conservation protection, the performance of historical, conservation and architectural studies and, subsequently, a consistent restoration of the original appearance, corresponding to the artistic will of the architect, and a simultaneous moulding of the awareness of the estate residents, made it possible in the course of more than ten years to save the historical residential estate from destruction and further transformations as well as to draw forth its most valuables assets. Both complexes are only an example of a problem that affects numerous preserved modernistic housing estates, today threatened with irreversible changes or devastation, connected with, i.a. the initiatives of the investors. Keeping in mind this type of a menace, and in view of the fact that in 2008 six modernistic estates in Berlin have been included on the UNESCO World Heritage List, it is recommended to immediately start devising a suitable conservation strategy for the endangered and as yet insufficiently studied modernistic architectural moments.
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