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THE IMPACT OF “FAMILY 500+ PROGRAMME ON HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, POVERTY AND INEQUALITY

100%
Brzeziński M., Najsztub M.
Polityka Społeczna
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2017
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vol. 44
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issue 1(13) CHILD BENEFIT PROGRAMME 500+ OUTCOMES AND OUTPUTS
16–25
EN
We use the microsimulation approach and household budget survey data from 2015 to estimate the shortterm impact of the “Family 500+” programme on household incomes, poverty and inequality. The results suggest that the programme will have the strongest impact on the incomes of households at the lower end of income distribution. Extreme consumption poverty in the whole population is reduced in the range from 35 to 37%, while child poverty in the range from 75 to 100%, depending on the choice of equivalence scale and assumptions about changes in household expenditures. The paper shows also that the programme will reduce the Gini index of income inequality in Poland by a few percentage points. The programme can lead to a lower risk of extreme poverty for households with children as compared to small households (e.g. singleperson households). Analysis based on certain equivalence scales suggests that even before the implementation of the “Family 500+” programme extreme poverty among households with children was comparable or lower than among oneperson or childless house­holds. The progressive impact of “Family 500+” programme on income distribution in Poland may be reduced in the longer run if labour market activity of low income households will be affected negatively.
2
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On the Use of Microsimulation for Investigating Ideological Dissent: Exemplary Analyses of the Values of the European Political Left

75%
Mueller G. P.
ASK. Research and Methods
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2017
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vol. 26
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issue 1
61-80
EN
This article presents a new approach to the comparison of the meaning of social or political key terms in different national contexts. Instead of relying on classical statistical instruments such as t-tests of the mean attitudes, the author proposes to analyze value conflicts between the mentioned groups. In international surveys like the European Values Study (EVS) the related conflict data are not directly available but can be generated by microsimulation: for this purpose the article proposes to look at the value differences of randomly matched artificial pairs of respondents. The resulting dyadic data-records correspond to simulated virtual encounters of persons with the same or different opinions about a political issue. In this way it becomes possible to measure the amount and the thematic focus of the value conflicts between the protagonists of a key term in different countries: the absence of conflicts between these groups points to the same meaning of the key term, whereas dissent about its attributes is an indicator of semantic differences. The benchmark for assessing these international inter-group conflicts are the national intra-group conflicts, which are generally underestimated. Consequently, an application of the proposed method to an artificial dataset with systematically varying statistical properties suggests that the traditional t-tests of mean attitudes overestimate the international group differences. By considering the internal ideological variation of the compared groups we probably get a more realistic assessment of their international similarities and differences. Thus we dare to tackle with the proposed virtual encounter method a real world problem: the comparative analysis of the values of the political left in Sweden, France, and the UK on the basis of attitudes gathered in the European Values Study (2008). A major result is that income equality is revealed to be an important common value of the political left in the three countries mentioned. Finally, the article points to the possibility of comparing different intra-national groups with regard to their ideologies. By the virtual encounter method it is possible to focus the analysis on a particular country and compare e.g. its national parties or different generations of partisans.
3
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Fiscal and redistributive impacts of the introduction of dynamic components in maternity benefits

75%
Danková D., Halásková R., Šebo J.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
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2022
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vol. 17
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issue 1
103-131
EN
Research background: Social security systems combine several subsystems aimed at addressing the risks of temporary or permanent loss of an individual's income. The subject of the research are parametric changes of alternative public policy aimed at addressing the temporary loss of income caused by the dropout from the labour market due to childcare. The effects of public policies may be fiscally neutral from the entire system, but not from the point of view of the individual. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to examine the fiscal and redistributive effects of parametric changes in social insurance subsystem with an accent on maternity benefits in the conditions of the Slovak Republic by using a modified microsimulation model. Methods: Using a microsimulation model, we investigate the impacts of the alternative policy setting. Microsimulation model contains four basic modules (i) macroeconomic module, (ii) demographic module simulating future population structure from 2017 to 2080 (iii) status module modelling particular attributes (characteristics), (iv) social policy module. The model is applied to maternity benefits in two scenarios in the Slovak Republic: scenario 1 ? the current legislative setting of maternity benefit policy parameters and scenario 2 ? dynamic maternity benefit. Findings & value added: Results in the area of redistributive impacts in social insurance focused on maternity benefits show that dynamic policy parameters can positively affect work-life balance, especially for individuals with higher education. The results in the area of fiscal impacts show that the dynamic model of maternity benefits increases the efficiency of public spending and stimulates the faster return on the labour market. The results indicate the direction of possible government interventions and provide valuable information for policy makers in areas public policies that are associated with temporary labour market dropouts in the case of maternity.
4
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Regulacyjna skala ekwiwalentności dla gospodarstw domowych w Polsce w latach 2006–2014

63%
Morawski L.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2016
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vol. 285
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issue 5
71-89
EN
The paper looks at changes in tax regulations and social benefits in Poland from 2006 to 2014 and evaluates their impact on the taxation of labor in the country depending on the type of family. By simulating a regulatory equivalence scale the paper shows that changes in tax and benefit rules were the most beneficial for large families with low income from employment. The average taxation of labor income in low-income families with two parents and three children decreased by almost 13 percentage points in the studied period, while the value of the regulatory equivalence scale for such families increased from 1.28 to 1.40. However, the values of the scale are still noticeably lower than those of the OECD scale. The impact of regulatory changes on the progressivity of the tax-and-benefit system and stronger dependence of labor taxation on the number of children were highlighted in the discussion of the results.
PL
Celem pracy jest analiza wpływu zmian w przepisach podatkowo-świadczeniowych wprowadzonych w Polsce w latach 2006–2014 na zróżnicowanie opodatkowania pracy ze względu na typ rodziny. Za pomocą symulacji wartości regulacyjnej skali ekwiwalentności wykazano, że zmiany podatkowo-świadczeniowe z lat 2006–2014 były najkorzystniejsze dla osób z rodzin wielodzietnych mających nisko płatną pracę. Pokazano m.in., że spadek przeciętnego opodatkowania z pracy w rodzinach „2+3” o niskich dochodach z pracy wyniósł prawie 13 p.p., a wartość regulacyjnej skali ekwiwalentności dla takich rodzin wzrosła z 1,28 do 1,40. Obliczone wartości skali są zauważalnie niższe od wartości skali OECD. W dyskusji wyników zwrócono uwagę na wpływ analizowanych zmian na wzrost progresywności systemu podatkowo-świadczeniowego i zróżnicowania opodatkowania pracy w zależności od liczby dzieci.
5
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Quo vadis pensione? Perspektywy zmian w poziomie świadczeń emerytalnych w Polsce

63%
Jajko-Siwek A.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2017
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issue 38(3)
105-115
PL
W artykule przedstawiamy wyniki mikrosymulacji poziomu stóp zast ą pienia wynagrodzenia świadczeniem emerytalnym dla osób o różnych charakterystykach demograficzno- -ekonomicznych. W ramach założeń do symulacji przyjmujemy możliwe scenariusze zmian polskiego systemu emerytalnego w zakresie podziału składki pomiędzy filary systemu oraz w poziomie wieku emerytalnego. Uzyskane wyniki poddajemy nastę pnie ocenie w kontekście adekwatności przy użyciu metody drzew klasyfikacyjnych. Podstawowe pytanie dotyczy tego, komu wprowadzone zmiany umożliwiają wygenerowanie odpowiednio wysokiej emerytury, a kto otrzyma emeryturę minimalną.
XX
The results of the pension benefit microsimulation have been presented in the article. We considered different demographic and economics characteristics of future pensioners. This article aims to test, within the assumptions, a few possible scenarios of changes in the Polish pension system. They were confronted with level of pension contribution paid to the second pillar and with the retirement age. The results were also assessed in the context of the adequacy, by using the method of classification trees. The main question was, who will able to achieve a sufficiently high pension in future, according to the planned changes and who will achieve the minimum pension only.
6
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Private financing of health care in Poland– microsimulation model

63%
Żółtaszek A.
Przegląd Statystyczny
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2012
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vol. 59
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issue 3
290-301
EN
Health care is a key sector of every economy and is of grate medical, social, and economical importance to all citizens. It is also one of the most diverse sectors in the world, especially in the aspect of financing. In Poland health care is mostly public funded. However due to system’s inefficiency new policies are discussed, some of which include various methods of co-payment. Popularisation of currently uncommon private medical insurance, either supplementary or complementary to public financing, are one of the proposed solutions The main goal of this paper is to present health econometric micro simulation model of households’ medical expenses in Poland. Model is based on individual household panel data considering private funding of health care and willingness-to-pay for private medical insurance. It is to be used to forecast future situation depending on various funding reform proposals. This research is to prove usefulness of micro simulations in assessing health care police, which is of currently of major importance in Poland.
PL
Sektor ochrony zdrowia jest kluczowym działem gospodarki każdego państwa, wzbudza bezpośrednie zainteresowanie obywateli, zarówno w aspektach medycznym i społecznym, jak i ekonomicznym. Jednocześnie jest jednym z bardziej zróżnicowanych sektorów na świecie, szczególnie pod względem struktury źródeł jego finansowania. W Polsce znaczna część usług medycznych opłacana jest z budżetu państwa. Z powodu nieefektywności funkcjonowania sektora ochrony zdrowia, toczą się dyskusje dotyczące jego reform, m.in. współfinansowania usług medycznych. Jedną z propozycji jest wprowadzenie prywatnych ubezpieczeń medycznych jako produktów suplementarnych lub komplementarnych dla wydatków publicznych. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja mikrosymulacyjnego modelu ekonometrii zdrowia wydatków gospodarstw domowych na ochronę zdrowia w Polsce. Model wykorzystuje dane panelowe gospodarstw domowych dotyczące prywatnego finasowania opieki zdrowotnej i skłonności do płacenia za prywatne ubezpieczenia medyczne. Model ma posłużyć prognozowaniu przyszłej sytuacji w zależności od implementacji proponowanych reform. Badanie ma udowodnić przydatność mikrosymulacji w tworzeniu polityki ochrony zdrowia w Polsce.
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