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EN
The article is a contribution to the trend in anthropological studies on the relations of power. It refers to Pierre Bourdieu’s theory that power is wielded by people with a certain habitus, or disposition. The leadership of Polish women in migrant associations is a special kind of power, as it is non-violent power. It is founded on their specific ability to influence others, and used in building relations with members of associations that function as partnerships based on cooperation. The heroines of this article – female activists from the migrant environment and working on behalf of migrants, thanks to their style of activity joined a small group of women who managed to pass through the so-called leadership labyrinth in a masculinized milieu of leaders of broadly conceived organizations. The text is intended to answer the question who are those women leaders in Germany, in Berlin – Poles organizing aid for others, creating new strategies of functioning in this area. The aim is to determine what induced them to undertake this kind of activity, how their actions are currently targeted and what characterizes the leadership of the Poles, making it extremely effective. The article is based on the thesis that the strategies of activity of the women leaders manifest the characteristics of increasingly valued transformational leadership, in a feminine version, giving it a special peculiarity, additionally shaped by specific migration conditions. The presented material is based on research conducted by the author, an anthropologist, in Germany between 2015-2018. Field work of a qualitative nature was carried out using the technique of semi-structured and family interviews. The article is a study of two selected cases which are representative of other similar cases observed in Berlin. Its purpose is to offer an insight into a certain phenomenon and at the same time a dynamically developing process, which defines the specificity and one of the directions of the activity of migrant organizations, not only in the German context.
EN
This article presents the results of a comprehensive study of Polish immigrant organizations in Spain. The analysis is based on original data collected through in-depth interviews with Polish immigrant organizations’ members, representatives of their environment, experts, and representatives of the Spanish administration. The deep economic crisis in Spain emerges as a critical juncture that reshaped the situation of the surveyed organizations. These difficulties are emphasized as the root cause of many of the issues faced by the organizations, both in terms of a decreasing Polish diaspora (and, thus, reduced numbers of members and recipients of the organization) and changes in the political structure of opportunities. At the same time, broader changes in the migration process related to globalization and regional integration are seen as crucial determinants of the changing character of their activities.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia wyniki kompleksowego badania polskich organizacji imigranckich w Hiszpanii. Analiza opiera się na danych zebranych podczas pogłębionych wywiadów z członkami polskich organizacji imigranckich w tym kraju, przedstawicielami ich otoczenia, ekspertami oraz przedstawicielami administracji hiszpańskiej. Głęboki kryzys ekonomiczny w Hiszpanii wyłania się jako główny element kształtujący kondycję badanych organizacji. Trudna sytuacja gospodarki hiszpańskiej w latach 2008–2014 zasadniczo zmieniła charakterystykę diaspory polskiej (a co za tym idzie, członków i odbiorców organizacji) oraz polityczną strukturę możliwości, w której egzystują stowarzyszenia. Jednocześnie, szersze zmiany w procesie migracji związane z globalizacją i integracją regionalną są postrzegane przez rozmówców jako kluczowe dla transformacji roli pełnionej przez organizacje.
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