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EN
The main aim of the study is to show the influence of migration on the dynamics of the real growth of population in all the 16 present-day voivodeships, with a division into urban and rural areas. Only definitive (permanent) internal and interna- tional (foreign) migrations were taken into consideration here. Since migration is a two- directional movement − inflow (immigration) to a given territory and outflow (emigra- tion) from the former place of residence − we dealt here both with newcomers (incoming population, immigrants) to the territory of all 16 voivodeships and with the population leaving given voivodeships permanently. A particularly detailed analysis was applied to net migrations or migration balances.
PL
The refugee/immigration movement to EU countries - whether legal or illegal - is a fact that cannot be ignored. Of the approximately 512.4 million inhabitants of the EU, approximately 22.3 million (approximately 4.4%) are nationals of non-EU countries (data 2019, Eurostat). The assessment of this growing problem in Europe has been dominated by a number of negative concerns, which are not always objectively justified. In the press release as well as in the discourse of many right-wing circles of the EU, a wide wave of emigration/refugees is associated with terrorism, increasing crime, fear of unemployment and demographic domination. Fears of Islamisation of the continent and epidemiological threats are also articulated. However, in an objective assessment of this phenomenon, it is worth noting that it also entails a number of benefits. These include: filling gaps in the labour market of the host country (both in highly qualified professions and in simple jobs); positive impact on unfavourable demographic changes taking place in the EU. Refugees bring with them a fresh perspective - new ideas and methods that can stimulate creativity and innovation. There are also economic benefits for countries of origin where poverty is reduced through remittances and investments by emigrants/refugees. This process also has a positive socio-cultural impact. The exchange of people and ideas can be inspiring and foster the emergence of more tolerant environments. For this to happen, newcomers need to integrate. This process should start in the transitory refugee camps.
EN
The present study was performed on the basis of the census of the inhabitants of Przemyśl from mid-1918, prepared based on questionnaire forms which were not typical for thus type of source. These materials are currently stored in the State Archive in Rzeszów (department in Sanok) and, partially in the archives of the State Archive in Przemyśl. In both cases they were only fragmentarily preserved. The main part of the present study presents a demographic analysis showing how the national and denomination structure of the city dwellers from that time was shaped. Special attention was put on the migration movement directed towards Przemyśl in the years 1880–1918 and its rate. The article focuses also on the location of migrants in the city, especially in its center and in the suburbs (Zasanie on its right, northern side and the Lviv suburbs on its right, eastern side).
PL
Niniejsze badania przeprowadzono na bazie spisu mieszkańców Przemyśla z poł. 1918 r., sporządzonego na podstawie nietypowych dla tego rodzaju źródła formularzy ankiet. Materiały te znajdują się obecnie w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Rzeszowie (oddział w Sanoku) oraz w mniejszej części w zbiorach Archiwum Państwowego w Przemyślu. W obu wypadkach zachowały się fragmentarycznie. Częścią zasadniczą tekstu jest studium demografczno-historyczne ukazujące kształtowanie się struktury narodowej i wyznaniowej mieszkańców miasta tego okresu. Szczególną uwagę zwraca ruch wędrówkowy skierowany w stronę Przemyśla w latach 1880–1918 oraz jego tempo. W artykule zajęto się również rozmieszczeniem migrantów w mieście, zwłaszcza w jego centrum oraz na przedmieściach (Zasania po jego lewej, północnej stronie, i przedmieścia Lwowskiego po prawej, wschodniej części).
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