Search results

1

Building Military Confidence in Non-European Regions

100%

Lachowski Z.

The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs

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2016

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issue 4

73-88

EN

The end of the Cold War provided the international community with an unprecedented opportunity to overcome numerous historical antagonisms, crises and conflicts, but at the same time to face up to new challenges and threats in many parts of the world. A crucial, inspiring role has been played by confidence-building measures (CBMs), especially in the OSCE area. The culmination of CBM development took place in the 1990s, but the processes of strengthening politico-military confidence and trust continued to evolve, at various paces and with varying degrees of success, in non-European contexts in the following decades. Political-military solutions in this field do not necessarily imitate those of the OSCE, and more and more bravely make use of indigenous concepts. Nowadays, the dynamics of confidence building has slackened due to changes in world politics, although the military CBMs still offer a security cushion against “foul weather” developments in international relations.

2

Możliwość skorzystania z art. 346 TFUE przy zamówieniach na ochronę fizyczną jednostek wojskowych

51%

Karczmarek A.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

|

2018

|

issue 4(60)

76-83

EN

Article 346 of the TFEU allows for a waiver of application of the EU law requirements in two cases, due to the need of protection of basic security interests of the state. The EU Court of Justice considers that this provision applies to exceptional, clearly defined cases and, due to its limited nature, is a subject of a restrictive interpretation. In the author’s opinion, the providing security services concerning military units, as a rule, does not fall within the exceptions referred to in this provision. References to the contents of Article 346 of the TFEU in order to justify the exclusion of the application of the European public procurement law regime would be risky in this case and could be questioned by the EU Court of Justice.

3

Exploratory Study upon Military Leadership in the 21st Century. What Are Skills and Knowledge Required for Leadership Success?

51%

Boettcher F.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2022

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issue 3 (51)

31-47

EN

Within the context of increasingly digital work, it appeared interesting to look at how military leaders and their leadership style will have to adapt to remain “up-to-speed” with current challenges. It is qualitative research based on interviews with military and civilian experts. Four interviews have been conducted, but there would be the potential to interview many more experts and look deeper into the matter. Within the context of digitalised military leadership, the importance of communication and mutual trust has been underscored by the experts. They agreed that leaders nowadays must embrace digital developments and include them in their leadership styles. The civilian world can learn from the military when it comes to leadership approaches, which is happening at the time of publication of this article with practical examples (senior military leaders assigned to lead the pandemic task force in some countries). Overall, the outcome of the research is that a relevant and resilient military leadership style in the 21st century resembles the elements of the situational leadership style developed by Hersey-Blanchard.

4

Skrótowce z dziedziny wojskowości i przemysłu w Słowniku rosyjsko-niemieckim A.F. Nesslera

51%

Sobczak M.

Heteroglossia - studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne

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2021

|

issue 11

165-180

EN

This paper is devoted to the abbreviations in the field of industry and military registered in the Russian-German Dictionary by A.F. Nessler. The introductory part – b besides a characterization of the source of the linguistic material and a synthesis of research on post-revolutionary abbreviations – includes a historical outline of the migration of Germans to Russian territories and the state of industry and military in the interwar period. The analysis focuses on determining the number of acronyms in each group, their structure and models of lexicographic description. The conclusions of the study are compared with those resulting from the analysis of acronyms included in the Russian-Polish Dictionary published at the same time.

5

Social structure determinants of Polish military manpower

51%

Kopka R.

Security and Defence Quarterly

|

2019

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vol. 26

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issue 4

67-97

EN

Objectives This paper sets out to identify the key elements of Polish social structure that are critical to the manpower of the Polish Armed Forces. So far, there has been little discussion, in either the literature or ongoing public polemics, regarding the dependence of the Armed Forces on the shape of the social structure in the context of ensuring state security. Methods This work is predominantly based on the analysis of available literature: scientific articles, legal acts and the results from the survey research conducted by specialised institutions, in particular, Polish Central Statistical Office. Results On the basis of the presented analysis, it appears that it is the current Polish social structure that constitutes the major problem in the context of the insufficient personnel numbers in the Polish Armed Forces. The present state is below the expectations and needs of the Polish Army, mainly due to the lack of young people with special technical education. The earnings in the private sector by far outweigh the remuneration levels offered in the military, which effectively deters young people from undertaking service for the benefit of state security.On the basis of the presented analysis, it appears that it is the current Polish social structure that constitutes the major problem in the context of the insufficient personnel numbers in the Polish Armed Forces. The present state is below the expectations and needs of the Polish Army, mainly due to the lack of young people with special technical education. The earnings in the private sector by far outweigh the remuneration levels offered in the military, which effectively deters young people from undertaking service for the benefit of state security. Conclusions The research material presented in this work reflects on the current state and the aggravation of the important social problem – deficiency of manpower in the Polish Armed Forces. It has been shown that apart from the financial background and the quantities of the personnel appointed to military service, it is its quality – in the aspect of special technical education – that is yet another crucial condition.The research material presented in this work reflects on the current state and the aggravation of the important social problem – deficiency of manpower in the Polish Armed Forces. It has been shown that apart from the financial background and the quantities of the personnel appointed to military service, it is its quality – in the aspect of special technical education – that is yet another crucial condition.

6

MILITARY ASPECT of LEADERSHIP

51%

tahirov r.

Civitas et Lex

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2020

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vol. 26

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issue 2

29-42

EN

Military leadership is a concept that originates from the beginning of time and appears in all formsof army units. Changes in strategic environment makes military leadership more important and strategic. On the battlefield, the only thing that is needed is tomakea validbattle damage assesment.This articledescribesthe concept of military leadership and given the key characteristics of amiltary leaderthat summarize the leader attributes, and core leader competencies, and developes a valid, reliable, and distinctive military leadership scale that is suitable for military culture.

7

Assessing the potential of OSINT on the Internet in supporting military operations

51%

Lakomy M.

|

2022

|

vol. XLVIII

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issue 3

297-309

EN

This article briefly discusses some of the selected open-source intelligence methods on the Internet, which may be utilised to support activities of the armed forces. The paper examines this issue in two particular dimensions. On the one hand, it overviews some of the most popular means allowing supporting conventional operations, for instance, by geolocating hostile military infrastructure or troops. On the other hand, it explores some of the selected methods allowing to support cyber warfare. It concludes that open-source intelligence offers increasing capabilities, for instance, in detecting targets for offensive cyber operations or geolocating hostile troops. Nevertheless, it also has considerable limitations, particularly in terms of susceptibility to disinformation.

8

Organizational Challenges in the Public Sector. A Qualitative Study of the Swedish Armed Forces and Elderly Care

45%

Hoke Åberg P., Arenö E., Alvinius A.

Qualitative Sociology Review

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2021

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vol. 17

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issue 3

34-54

EN

Society is continuously impacted by accelerating technical and social changes that challenge individuals, organizations, and societies. This appears to lead to the emergence of negative organizational behavior patterns that impose high levels of demands on employees. Firstly, the purpose of this study is to qualitatively examine how three organizational challenges-organizational anorexia, organizational greed, and organizational narcissism-are expressed in the Swedish public sector. Secondly, the Swedish Armed Forces and the field of elderly care are compared to discover additional organizational challenges by carrying out comparisons. The sample of organizations used is described in the Methods section. The study’s main findings show that these three organizational challenges have been experienced in different ways in these organizations. A new organizational challenge has appeared, organizational temporality, describing participants’ perceptions of time when carrying out their assigned tasks.

9

Venezuelan Democracy in the 20th Century. The Struggle Between the Military and the Non-Military

45%

Da Silva P. J. L.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2013

|

issue 2(24): Venezuelan Studies

49-68

EN

Twentieth‑century Venezuela has characteristics that make it different in terms of the ways of conducting politics in the traditional way. Political parties of the twentieth century inaugurated a new political period. One reason for this may be found in the long dictatorship of General Gómez which lasted for more than three decades and which obliterated all vestiges of nineteenth century politics to the point that students will be called to establish innovative proposals. The mode of policy‑making shows a difference in style between the military and non‑military along with irreconcilable difference in the perception of democracy which they showed. One mentoring system will come increasingly into a conflict with another, in which there is an attempt to make the citizens bear republican responsibilities in order to feed a state that at times runs the risk of collapse due to the unmet requirements of the people, together with other requirements of the time.

10

Instytucjonalny, społeczny i polityczny wymiar pretorianizmu tureckiego

45%

Herbut M.

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

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2015

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vol. 46

20-34

EN

The term ‘praetorianism’ refers to countries in which the armed forces influence the political system. The army, as an institution, can develop its political power in two ways: in a “direct” and “indirect” fashion. While in the first case the armed forces take control over state institutions, the second is more sublime and is restricted to the building of more concealed methods of influence, such as blackmail. Additionally, the army itself, as the officers are not engaged into politics, shows a high level of political cohesion and military professionalism. Turkey is an example of a country in which a professional army, after decades of acquiring political experience and under favourable conditions, was and still is able to efficiently exert backstage politics. On one side, TSK (Turkish Armed Forces) has developed constitutional and legal means of influencing the government, and on the other, the high public trust in the armed forces allows it to, if necessary, effectively blackmail or even supplant disobedient cabinets.

11

Comparing Two Instruments of Transformational Leadership

45%

Kasemaa A., Suviste R.

Central European Management Journal

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2020

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vol. 28(1)

2-31

EN

Purpose: To compare two transformational leadership instruments, Bass’s Full Range Leadership Model and its instrument Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire with the Transformational Leadership Scale proposed by Rafferty and Griffin (2004), using empirical evidence from a single sample. Methodology: The sample includes participants from different levels of the Estonian Defence Forces’ military hierarchy (N = 2570). The structures of the Transformational Leadership Scale and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire were examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, while other methods were used to compare the two instruments. Findings: The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire is statistically significantly better at predicting outcome variables like satisfaction with leader, effectiveness, and extra effort; however, the Transformational Leadership Scale did predict outcome variables at a sufficient level. Research & Practical Limitations/Implications: The current research contributes to the validation of the Transformational Leadership Scale proposed by Rafferty and Griffin (2004). The results indicated that the Transformational Leadership Scale is a valuable research tool to study transformational leadership; however, some subscales require further development. Moreover, we may conclude that there is a difference between subsamples – e.g. between commanders and conscripts – that describe outcome variables using the Transformational Leadership Scale as a transformational leadership instrument. Originality/value: There is very limited research that compares different transformational leadership instruments.

12

HYBRID WAR – WAR OF THE 21ST CENTURY

45%

IVANČÍK R.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2016

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vol. 22(22)

205-239

EN

Hybrid war represents one of the most used terms in the area of military and security affairs in the last years, especially after the outbreak of conflict in Ukraine. It appears still more frequently not only in scientific or specialized military or security publications, studies or articles, but also in various journals, news, reports or debates out of military or security community. It might be seemed that it is a new term or even new type of conflict, but it is not. Hybrid war is really no new phenomenon, it is known for many years; however, after the Russian annexation of Crimea, it is much more popular and used. On the other hand, the majority of wider public do not know what the mentioned term exactly represents, and that is the reason why an author of the article deals with this topic and, through gained results of the research, tries to explain the essence of examined problem.

13

CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS AND TERRITORIAL DEFENCE ISSUES

38%

Bohatyrets V., Zoriy Y.

Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

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2016

|

vol. 2(7) Obrona Terytorialna i jej rola we współczesnych systemach bezpieczeństwa

289-298

EN

The paper comprises the study of the governmental control over Armed Forces in Ukraine. The principal aim of the present study is to enhance the level of understanding of CMR and to commence a debate and discussion on it among the concerned actors, including civil society, military, insurgents and pro-Russian militants of the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People’s Republic (LPR), ATO soldiers and ordinary citizens of Ukraine. It explores stateof-the-art notions found in the literature and thoughts of prominent philosophers of CMR. Moreover, the authors intend to disclose the concept of CMR that bridge the gap and strengthen dialogue between the civil society institution(s)/individual(s) and military or armed forces institution(s);specify and delineate the powers and relationships between government, parliament, the defence and internal ministries and the armed forces. It reflects the existing civilian control measures of Armed Forces of Ukraine (UAF) and the legitimacy of the proRussian militants of the Donbas, guaranteed by the peace accord, agreements, and understandings including the Constitution 1996 and Minsk Protocol.

14

Zálohy Ozbrojených Síl Slovenskej Rebubliky

38%

TURAC J., TOMA P.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2018

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vol. 29(29)

181-191

EN

The article deals with the issue of the current replenishment of the armed forces of the Slovak Republic by military personnel. The content of the article deals with the reasons for not wanting to be a professional soldier, points out the possible causes and the starting point for the future. From the point of view of the current legislation, the basic elements of the selection procedure for the state service of a professional soldier of the armed forces of the Slovak Republic are pointed out.

15

Development and challenges of ASEAN

38%

Gosh A., Kotaniemi A., Yan L. C., Skrzypek M.

Zeszyty Studenckie Wydziału Ekonomicznego „Nasze Studia”

|

2017

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issue 8

303-312

EN

The aim of this essay is to give an overview of the development of ASEAN and identify and present main challenges that the ASEAN is facing. ASEAN is a regional intergovernmental organization originally developed for promoting peace, stability and political and economic cooperation and integration in the region.24It is important to understand that although ASEAN is geographically small are, it forms a culturally complex region with different nations, religious beliefs, laws, trading standards, political systems and conflicts. Collectively ASEAN is the fourth‐largest exporting region in the world and it accounts for 7 per cent of global exports. The exports of its member states have diversified and while Vietnam specializes in textiles and apparel, Singapore and Malaysia export electronics. Thailand on the other hand is specializing in exporting vehicle parts and other member nations are exporting mainly natural resources such as palm oil, coal, cocoa and tin. Myanmar have large reserves of oil, gas, and minerals. About 25 percent of region’s export go to other ASEAN nations, and less than half of intraregional trade is going to NAFTA countries, while exports to European Union are rising rapidly. China is becoming increasingly important export market for many ASEAN countries. ASEAN has free‐trade agreements with Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea25. Major challenge for ASEAN member states is lowering tariffs and non‐tariff barriers and harmonize custom procedures26. If successful, AEC integration might transform the region into more competitive region among the global economy.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie rozwoju ASEAN oraz określenie i przedstawienie głównych wyzwań stojących przed tym stowarzyszeniem. ASEAN jest regionalną organizacją międzyrządową pierwotnie założoną w celu promowania stabilności i współpracy politycznej i gospodarczej oraz integracji w regionie. ASEAN to region skomplikowany kulturowo z różnymi narodami, przekonaniami religijnymi, prawami, standardami handlowymi, systemami politycznymi i konfliktami. Obszar ASEAN jest czwartym pod względem wielkości eksportu regionem na świecie (7 procent globalnego eksportu). Eksport państw członkowskich jest zróżnicowany. Wietnam specjalizuje się w przemyśle tekstylnym i odzieżowym, Singapur i w Malezja w elektronicznym, Tajlandia specjalizuje się w eksporcie części pojazdów. Inne państwa członkowskie eksportują głównie surowce naturalne takie jak olej palmowy, węgiel, kakao i cyna. Myanmar posiada duże zasoby ropy, gazu i minerałów. Około 25 procent eksportu skierowana jest do innych państw ASEAN, a mniej niż połowa handlu trafia do krajów NAFTA. Eksport do Unii Europejskiej szybko wzrasta. Również Chiny stają się coraz ważniejszym rynkiem eksportowym dla wielu państw ASEAN. ASEAN ma umowy o wolnym handlu z Australią, Chinami, Indiami, Japonią, Nową Zelandią i Koreą Południową. Głównym wyzwaniem dla państw członkowskich ASEAN jest obniżenie taryf i barier pozataryfowych oraz harmonizacja procedur niestandardowych. Jeśli uda się to zrealizować, region może stać się jeszcze bardziej konkurencyjny.

16

Some Methodological Reflections on the Efficiency of “Political and Military Decision Making” in a Hybrid Reality

38%

Szałek B. Z.

Reality of Politics

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2019

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issue 10

134-148

EN

The aim of this paper is to present some methodological reflections on hybrid activities (spaces, knowledge about spaces, comparison of spaces, dynamic spaces, coordination of hybrid activities, efficiency of “hybrid activities”).

17

The Freedom of Expression of Members of the Armed Forces Under the European Convention on Human Rights In Jokšas V. Lithuania

38%

Kirchner S., Maria V.

Baltic Journal of Law & Politics

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2014

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vol. 7

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issue 1

12-28

EN

Freedom of expression is one of the most fundamental rights in a democratic society. In fact, the freedom to express one’s opinion and to impart, as well as to receive, information, is essential for the participation in the democratic process. The ability to make decisions as a citizen requires access to information; the participation in the life of the society requires the ability to express one’s opinions. It is imperative that in a democratic society, as it is envisaged by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), everybody is able to express their views, regardless as to whether these views correspond to the views of those who are in power. This ability is one of the key differences between democracy anddictatorship. In particular in the nation-states of Eastern Europe, which have only known freedom for a bit less than a quarter of a century, the growth of democratic structures is inextricably linked to the ability to exercise this right. But while human rights in principle pit the citizen against the State, the citizen who serves the State in a professional function might also wish to express opinions that go against the view of those who are entrusted with leading the State. This is particularly the case when it comes to members of the armed forces. The jurisprudence of the Convention organs with regard to the right of public officials and other State agents to express their opinion freely is not as coherent as it is with regard to other questions concerning the ECHR. In a case decided in late 2013, the European Court of Human Rights dealt with this question with regard to Lithuania. In this article, the authors look at the question of how far the State can restrict the freedom of expression of members of the armed forces under the European Convention on Human Rights.

18

Młodzież o wojsku – refleksje z perspektywy dwóch rocznic

38%

Sińczuch M.

Bezpieczeństwo Obronność Socjologia

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2014

|

issue 1

23-33

19

A comparison of the stability of standing shooting stance in expert and novice mountain infantry shooters

38%

Ratajczyk M., Homańczuk A., Pacześny S., Sobera M.

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2023

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vol. 55

|

issue 1(207)

33-42

PL

Celem pracy jest porównanie jakości procesu kontroli równowagi w postawie strzeleckiej stojąc doświadczonych i początkujących strzelców piechoty górskiej. Kontrolę równowagi oceniono za pomocą platform sił AccuSway (AMTI, USA) pod względem wartości miar stabilności obliczonych na podstawie przebiegu punktu przyłożenia wypadkowej siły reakcji na podłoże – COP (ang. Center of Pressure), w tym: zakresu przemieszczeń w kierunku przyśrodkowo-bocznym (RANGE(ML)) i przednio-tylnym (RANGE(AP)), odchylenia standardowego przemieszczeń COP w kierunku przyśrodkowo-bocznym (SD(ML)) i przednio-tylnym (SD(AP)), pola elipsy przemieszczeń COP (ELLIPSE), średniej prędkości przemieszczeń COP (AVG VEL) oraz długości ścieżki COP (LENGTH). Uczestnicy (doświadczeni strzelcy, N=10, początkujący strzelcy, N=15) przyjęli taktyczną postawę strzelecką stojąc w umundurowaniu polowym z karabinkiem Beryl wz. 96 na platformach sił (po jednej dla każdej kończyny dolnej) przez okres 10 sekund, z częstotliwością próbkowania ustawioną na 100Hz. Analiza statystyczna przeprowadzona za pomocą testu U Manna-Whitneya wykazała istotną różnicę pomiędzy badanymi grupami w wartościach wskaźnika pola elipsy (ELLIPSE) oraz średniej prędkości przemieszczeń COP (AVG VEL) jedynie dla dominującej kończyny dolnej. Stwierdzono, że doświadczeni strzelcy charakteryzują się większą stabilnością przyjętej postawy strzeleckiej niż początkujący strzelcy. W pracy przedstawiono implikacje dotyczące biomechanicznych aspektów stabilności postawy strzeleckiej stojąc.

EN

This study compares balance control in standing shooting stance in expert and novice military shooters among mountain infantry soldiers. Balance control was assessed using AccuSway (AMTI, USA) force platforms in terms of the range of the centre of pressure (COP) displacements in the mediolateral (RANGE(ML)) and anteroposterior direction (RANGE(AP)), the standard deviation of COP displacements in the mediolateral (SD(ML)) and anteroposterior direction (SD(AP)), the sway area of COP displacements (ELLIPSE), the average velocity of COP displacements (AVG VEL) and the COP path length (LENGTH). The participants (expert shooters, N=10; novice shooters, N=15) adopted tactical standing shooting stance wearing the field uniform, with a rifle on force platforms (one for each lower limb), over a period of 10 seconds, with sampling frequency of 100Hz. The statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant difference between the studied groups, taking into account the ELLIPSE and the AVG VEL variables values for the dominant leg only. It was concluded that the expert shooters showed better stability than novice shooters. This study presents implications regarding biomechanical aspects of standing shooting stance stability.

20

Changes in perception of gender stereotypes in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic

38%

Mihalčová B., Pružinský M.

|

2022

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vol. XLIX

|

issue 4

57-68

EN

Women’s participation in an ever-widening range of occupations is related to growing emancipation, their physical and mental fitness, their ability to solve complex problems based on acquired scientific knowledge, skills, and a strong specific disposition in leading teams. With their natural empathy, inherent to women – mothers, feelings, responsibility, and rational thinking, they show that they are rightly given the same opportunities as their male co-workers. They occupy a wide range of manual work, they are irreplaceable in services, health care, education, science, parliament, but also the police or the armed forces. They do business, run multinational companies, fly aircrafts etc. Less than a century ago, it was rare to see women in the military, and yet women now fight in ground combat, command air combat, pilot combat aircraft, and oversee medical operations. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the participation of women in the tasks of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic in terms of gender stereotypes and to identify the possibilities of full employment of women in the civil service in the reflection of the current military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.

Refine search results

Building Military Confidence in Non-European Regions

Możliwość skorzystania z art. 346 TFUE przy zamówieniach na ochronę fizyczną jednostek wojskowych

Exploratory Study upon Military Leadership in the 21st Century. What Are Skills and Knowledge Required for Leadership Success?

Skrótowce z dziedziny wojskowości i przemysłu w Słowniku rosyjsko-niemieckim A.F. Nesslera

Social structure determinants of Polish military manpower

MILITARY ASPECT of LEADERSHIP

Assessing the potential of OSINT on the Internet in supporting military operations

Organizational Challenges in the Public Sector. A Qualitative Study of the Swedish Armed Forces and Elderly Care

Venezuelan Democracy in the 20th Century. The Struggle Between the Military and the Non-Military

Instytucjonalny, społeczny i polityczny wymiar pretorianizmu tureckiego

Comparing Two Instruments of Transformational Leadership

HYBRID WAR – WAR OF THE 21ST CENTURY

CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS AND TERRITORIAL DEFENCE ISSUES

Zálohy Ozbrojených Síl Slovenskej Rebubliky

Development and challenges of ASEAN

Some Methodological Reflections on the Efficiency of “Political and Military Decision Making” in a Hybrid Reality

The Freedom of Expression of Members of the Armed Forces Under the European Convention on Human Rights In Jokšas V. Lithuania

Młodzież o wojsku – refleksje z perspektywy dwóch rocznic

A comparison of the stability of standing shooting stance in expert and novice mountain infantry shooters

Changes in perception of gender stereotypes in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic