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A survey of spatial disorientation incidence in Polish military pilots

100%
Lewkowicz R., Biernacki M. P.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 6
791-810
EN
ObjectivesThe study aimed to establish the current incidence and severity of spatial disorientation (SD) in Polish military pilots when flying different aircraft types over their entire careers, and to determine how SD training and pilots’ flight experience might benefit their recognition of situations that may cause SD.Material and MethodsOverall, 176 military Polish pilots (aged 33.8±7.72 years, the number of flying hours: 1194±941) flying different aircraft types, who attended the aviation medicine course, were surveyed and asked to report their episodes of SD. To collect anonymous data, a postal SD questionnaire (INFO PUB 61/117/5) was used.ResultsIn the overall incidence rate of SD (96%), the most commonly experienced SD illusion was “loss of horizon due to atmospheric conditions” (81%). More SD incidents were reported by pilots who had received SD training. Some differences in the categories of the most commonly experienced SD illusion episodes between aircraft types were found. A severe episode adversely affecting flight safety was categorized by 10% of the respondents.ConclusionsIn Polish military aviation, episodes of SD are a significant threat to aviation safety. There is evidence for the beneficial effects of SD training in the improvement of pilots’ ability to recognize those factors that lead to SD.
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Developing cooperation between British air, land and naval forces: 1903‒1918

84%
Trinder D.
UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
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2024
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vol. 32
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issue 3
38-61
EN
In 1914 the British Army went to war supported by a new branch of the British Armed Forces: The Royal Flying Corps. It has long been argued that the British were slow on the uptake regarding the military potential of the Wright brothers’ technological breakthrough, and that this consequently caused that Britain lagged behind her continental allies and rivals at the outbreak of The Great War. This article has been written to address and correct this viewpoint, highlighting that the lack of central direction actually enabled free-thinking spirits to develop a variety of military applications for airplanes. This ultimately ensured that Britain maintained a technological advantage throughout the war, and resulted in the Royal Air Force enjoying unparalleled dominance in the air by 1918.
PL
W 1914 r. armia brytyjska wyruszyła na wojnę wspierana przez nową gałąź brytyjskich sił zbrojnych: Royal Flying Corps. Przez długi czas twierdzono, że Brytyjczycy nie nadążali za militarnym potencjałem przełomu technologicznego braci Wright, co w konsekwencji spowodowało, że Wielka Brytania pozostała w tyle za swoimi kontynentalnymi sojusznikami i rywalami w momencie wybuchu Wielkiej Wojny. Niniejszy artykuł został napisany w celu skorygowania tego punktu widzenia. Podkreślono w nim, że brak centralnego kierunku w rzeczywistości umożliwił wolnomyślicielom opracowanie różnorodnych zastosowań wojskowych dla samolotów. Ostatecznie zapewniło to Wielkiej Brytanii utrzymanie przewagi technologicznej przez całą wojnę i sprawiło, że Royal Airforce cieszyło się niezrównaną dominacją w powietrzu do 1918 r.
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