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1
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Effect of regular physical activity on non-lipid (novel) cardiovascular risk factors

100%
Naghii M. R., Aref M. A., Almadadi M., Hedayati M.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2011
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vol. 24
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issue 4
380-390
EN
Objectives: Cardiovascular - coronary heart disease, causing heart attack and heart failure is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The most important risk factors for CVD are well-established and physical activity has long been considered the cornerstone of interventions and has shown extremely important in reducing the burden of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between activity and inactivity and non-lipid CVD risk factors in healthy military recruits. Materials and Methods: Selected hormones and variables such as testosterone, free testosterone, Vitamin D, homocysteine, folic acid, with the inflammatory cytokines such as hsCRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were assessed in two groups (active = 50, inactive = 50), randomly matched by a questionnaire. Relationships between some measured variables and CVD risk factors were determined using simple correlation procedures. Results: Physically active subjects had signifi cantly lower results of homocysteine (14.3±1.9 vs. 16.5±3.7, p < 0.000) and interleukin-6 (2.9.±5.3 vs. 6±8.2, p < 0.025) and tended to have a nearly signifi cantly higher free testosterone level (13.1±7.1 vs. 11±5.3, p = 0.08). Signifi cant correlations were found between BMI, WC, tHcy, and the corresponding risk factors; and also between hsCRP and IL-6, as well as TT and FT. Conclusions: Reducing the risk factors of developing CVD events such as homocysteine and interleukin-6, together with increasing free testosterone and signifi cantly preventing its progression, clearly serve to underscore the benefi cial properties of physical activity and to promote its effectiveness as a support means for healthier lifestyles in the community and, particularly, among military personnel.
2
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Manifestations of post-traumatic stress in military personnel after participating in hostilities in the Russian-Ukrainian war

100%
Prykhodko I., Matsehora Y., Kryvokon N., Hunbin K., Kovalchuk O., Antusheva N., Filonenko L.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2023
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issue 4
776-784
EN
Introduction and aim. Since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war, many Ukrainian military personnel began to show post-traumatic stress (PTS). The purpose of the article is to identify the features of PTS exhibited in different age groups in trauma-exposed military personnel during their participation in the psychological recovery program (“Invincibility Program”). Material and methods. Ukrainian Defense Forces military personnel (n=546 males, between 20 and 60 years of age) participated in this study. All participants were divided into three age groups. Determination of the features of PTS in military personnel was carried out using psychodiagnostic tests. Results. In each age group, more than half of the participants in the “Invincibility Program” had PTS characteristics such as the sub-threshold or clinical manifestations of PTSD, adjustment disorders, low resilience to combat mental trauma, and various sleep disorders combined with somatic complaints. The data showed higher features of PTS in the younger participants and they decreased in both the 2 older sets of participants. Conclusion. The age-related features of the manifestation of PTS in military personnel must be taken into account when developing psychological recovery programs: for younger participants, such events should be carried out longer and more intensively.
3
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Evaluation of occupational physical load during 6-month international crisis management operation

75%
Pihlainen K., Santtila M., Vasankari T., Häkkinen K., Kyröläinen H.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2017
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vol. 31
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issue 2
185-197
EN
Objectives Generally, operational military duties are associated with a variety of stressors, such as prolonged physical activity (PA). However, limited information is available on the occupational workload or changes in PA during international military operations. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the changes in body composition, stress biomarkers, PA, and heart rate (HR) responses of 79 male soldiers during a 6-month international crisis management operation. Material and Methods Measurements were conducted 3 times in South-Lebanon during the operation. Body composition was assessed by the bioelectrical impedance method. Blood samples were analyzed for serum testosterone, sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), cortisol and insulin-like growth factor. Saliva sampling was used for analyzing stress biomarkers, cortisol and α-amylase. Heart rate and physical activity were monitored by a recordable belt and tri-axial accelerometer, respectively. Results Increases in muscle mass (39.2±4.1 vs. 39.5±4.2 kg, p < 0.05) and testosterone (15.9±4.6 vs. 17.2±4 nmol/l, p < 0.01), and reductions in PA variables (e.g., daily step count 9472±2547 vs. 8321±2720, p < 0.05) were observed during the first half (i.e., PRE-MID) of the study. The increase in muscle mass remained significant during the latter half (PRE-POST, 39.2±4.1 vs. 39.6±4.4 kg, p < 0.05), but also fat mass increased (MID-POST, 10.6±4.6 vs. 11.0±4.7 kg, p < 0.05) while SHBG (MID-POST, 31.8±12.1 vs. 26.6±13.2 nmol/l, p < 0.01) and cortisol (MID-POST, 445±116 vs. 400±123 nmol/l, p < 0.05) decreased. With the exception of increased concentration of salivary α-amylase (PRE-POST, 36.5±33.7 vs. 55.1±39.7 U/ml), the acute stress biomarkers and HR responses remained unchanged. Furthermore, the low quantity of PA, low HR values and subjective ratings of exertion refer to rather light physical workload. Conclusions Due to the operatively calm nature of the working environment, the present soldiers did not express any significant signs of physical overload during the study period. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(2):185–197
4
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Development of intercultural competence in the Lithuanian armed forces

51%
Prakapiene D.
Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis
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2022
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issue 2
78-95
EN
Intercultural competence is culture-general knowledge, skills, abilities, developed through education, training, and experience that provide the ability to operate effectively within a culturally complex environment. In order to perform their duties effectively and efficiently, military personnel often have to operate in a cultural environment that is unusual for them. The research conducted in Lithuania on the issue of intercultural competence development in the military mainly focuses on the analysis of the concept of intercultural competence and the problem of its development; however, little analysis has been done from a managerial point of view. The aim of this article is to identify the main problems and possible opportunities for the development of intercultural competence in the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The qualitative research chosen to achieve this aim is a semi-structured in-depth interview. 10 informants - military personnel (n=10) participated in the research. The research was conducted in February and March 2022. The results of the interviews with the military personnel show that intercultural competence is expressed in terms of language skills, knowledge of other cultures, the ability to communicate and integrate with other cultures, and the ability to quickly apply intercultural knowledge to real-life situations. However, the informants also pointed out that this alone is insufficient. They indicated that experience and knowledge of general patterns of behaviour and thinking in certain critical situations is also very important. According to the informants, the Lithuanian Armed Forces lack continuous and ongoing development in this area and advance preparation for future activities in intercultural environments. In their opinion, this should not be left to the personal responsibility of the military personnel but should be organised at institutional level. This can be achieved by combining the theoretical and practical levels, by providing guidelines for the development of intercultural competence in the strategic operational documents of the armed forces, through the organisation of courses or specialised training, the sharing of experiences, or the analysis of case studies of lessons learned.
LV
Starpkultūruu kompetence ietver vispārējas kultūras zināšanas, spējas, prasmes, kas attīstās caur izglītību, mācībām un pieredzi un nodrošina iespēju sekmīgi darboties sarežģītajā kultūrvidē. Lai efektīvi veiktu savus pienākumus, militārpersonām bieži vien jādarbojas sev nepierastā kultūrvidē. Lietuvā veiktie pētījumi par starpkultūru kompetences attīstīšanu bruņotajos spēkos fokusējās uz starpkultūru kompetences jēdzienu un tās attīstīšanas problēmu; tomēr visai maz analīzes ir veikts no vadības skatpunkta. Šī raksta mērķis ir starpkultūru kompetences attīstīšanas galveno problēmu un iespēju noteikšana Lietuvas Bruņotajos spēkos. Šim nolūkam kvalitatīvais pētījums ir veikts ar daļēji strukturētas padziļinātas intervijas metodi. Pētījums tika veikt 2022. gada februārī un martā. Pētījumā piedalījās 10 informanti - militārpersonas (n = 10). Izpētes rezultāti parādīja, ka starpkultūru kompetence izpaužas valodas prasmē, zināšanās par citām kultūrām, spējā sazināties un integrēties citā kultūrā, kā arī spējā ātri pielietot starpkultūru zināšanas reālās dzīves situācijās. Tomēr intervējamie arī norādīja, ka ar to vien nepietiek. Viņi minēja, ka liela nozīme ir arī pieredzei un zināšanām par vispārējiem uzvedības un domāšanas modeļiem noteiktās kritiskās situācijās. Intervējamie atzina, ka Lietuvas Bruņotajiem spēkiem trūkst nepārtrauktas un pastāvīgas attīstības šajā jomā un gatavības nākotnes aktivitātēm starpkultūru vidē. Viņuprāt to nevajadzētu atstāt militārpersonu personiskajai atbildībai, bet būtu jāorganizē institūciju līmenī. To varētu panākt, kombinējot teorētisko un praktisko pieeju, nodrošinot vadlīnijas starpkultūru kompetences attīstīšanai bruņoto spēku stratēģiskās darbības dokumentos, organizējot specializētas apmācības kursus, daloties pieredzē, analizējot apgūto materiālu uz konkrētajiem piemēriem.
RU
Mежкультурная компетентность – это общекультурные знания, навыки, способности, развиваемые посредством образования, обучения и опыта и обеспечивающие способность эффективно действовать в сложной культурной среде. Для эффективного и результативного выполнения своих обязанностей военнослужащим часто приходится действовать в непривычной для них культурной средe. Проведённые в Литве исследования межкультурной компетентности в вооружённых силах представляют собой, главным образом, анализ концепции межкультурной компетентности и проблемы её развития; однако с управленческой точки зрения данный вопрос изучен недостаточно. Целью данной статьи является анализ основных проблем и вероятных возможностей для развития межкультурной компетентности в Вооружённых силах Литвы. Качественное исследование, выбранное для достижения этой цели, проведено с помощью метода полуструктурированного глубинного интервью. В нём участвовали 10 информантов – военнослужащих (n=10). Исследование проводилось в феврале и марте 2022 года. Результаты интервью с военнослужащими показывают, что межкультурная компетентность выражается в языковых навыках, знании других культур, способности общаться и интегрироваться в другие культуры, а также способности быстро применять межкультурные знания в реальных жизненных ситуациях. Однако информанты также указывали, что одного этого недостаточно и что опыт и знание общих моделей поведения и мышления в определённых критических ситуациях также очень важны. C позиции информантов, Bооружённым силам Литвы не хватает постоянного и непрерывного развития в этом направлении и заблаговременной подготовки к будущей деятельности в межкультурной среде. По их мнению, это должно быть предметом не личной ответственности военнослужащих, а организованного на институциональном уровнеуправления. Такое управление может осуществляться путём объединения теоретического и практического подходов, разработки рекомендаций по развитию межкультурной компетентности в стратегических оперативных документах вооружённых сил, организации курсов или специализированного обучения, обмена опытом или анализа конкретных ситуаций, а также в ходе апробации освоенного материала на конкретных примерах.
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