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EN
The present paper analyses the ancient topics and elements of rhetoric in Napoleon Bonaparte’s proclamations to the army, as they come down to our times in his correspondence and memoirs. The main focus is on the exhortations issued during the early campaigns in Italy and Egypt, since they employ this kind of imagery to the greatest extent. The aim of the paper is to show that the content of these short proclamations, which had obvious propagandistic meaning, was deeply rooted in the Classical education, as well as in the French republican imagery, and also art and literature of the period, all together which shaped the early years of the prospective Emperor.
EN
The concept of war and struggle, similarly as the reflection of defeat and resignation from the recent past became the main topic of the novels of Ukrainian writers, e.g. Oksana Zabužko, Vasyl Šklar, Lina Kostenko, Sergiy Žadan, etc. The researching of the military rhetoric in the article is based on the famous contemporary books The Notes of Ukrainian Crazy Man by Lina Kostenko and The War and We by Sergiy Pantiuk. The analysis of the novels gives us the possibility to find out and to understand the place of war in the post-colonial culture and in the space of globalization. The interesting fact is that, in their novels, both authors made some prognoses for the future, in particular regarding the contemporary local war in Ukraine.
PL
Koncept wojny, walki, sprzeciwu, tak samo jak i refleksja na temat porażki i rezygnacji z niedawnej przeszłości, stanowi cechę charakterystyczną publikowanych ostatnio powieści ukraińskich pisarzy: Oksany Zabužko, Vasyla Šklara, Liny Kostenko, Sergiya Žadana. Retoryka wojny zostanie rozpatrzona na podstawie interpretacji dwóch głośnych książek, mianowicie Liny Kostenko Pamiętnik ukraińskiego szaleńca oraz Sergiya Pantiuka Wojna i my. Analiza tych utworów pozwala na ewentualny wniosek o zasadniczym znaczeniu retoryki militarnej w kulturze postkolonialnej, w tym także w obliczu globalizacji i totalnego wydziedziczenia. Nie można odmówić obydwojgu autorom pewnej prognozy profetycznej w kontekście ostatnich wydarzeń, to znaczy aktualnej wojny lokalnej toczącej się na Ukrainie.
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