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EN
In view of the contemporary challenges and threats, European Union’s efforts in the area of civil and military capacity building are extremely important. As an international organization having a high impact on third countries, the European Union plays a key role in conflict prevention and crisis response. In external governance EU has two sectoral policies at its disposal: the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). The CFSP is responsible for resolving conflicts and fostering international understanding using diplomacy and giving respect for international rules. The CSDP is responsible for carrying out civilian and military missions as well as for diffusing rules, which affect, in various respects, the improvement of security management in third countries through their incorporation. By adopting today’s global approach, both military and civilian, to crisis management and continuing to strengthen its capacity for action and analytical tools, the European Union is becoming a major security vector at international level, and its Common Security and Defense Policy expeditionary missions are the tangible proof.
EN
Polish eleven years of experience in operations conducted abroad with the Polish Armed Forces has resulted in a number of solutions related to recruitment, accounting, prevention and medical and psychological care for the families of peacekeepers. These activities focus on soldiers and victims of the mission participants and their families. Research, support, and other actions practically not subject to civilian staff employed by the Ministry of Defense on 6-month contract. Support for most veterans not affected in practice inversely proportional to their number. Of the total number of 10 thousand. people who may be covered veteran status (Foundation Act), only about 10% are veterans of the victims. The article concerns the problems of the recruitment process, the organization of work on the mission and life after completion of the mission of non-military personnel from the perspective of the author’s personal experience.
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EN
Saint John Bosco founded The Society of Saint Francis de Sales in 1859 in Turin, whose Constitutions were finally accepted by The Holy See on 3rd April 1874. The first group of Salesian missionaries left for Argentine on 11th November 1875. For a start they began working among the Italian emigrants, and then initiated evangelization of the local inhabitants. After the first expedition, Salesians made their way to other countries of South and Middle America. The Vatican Congregation of Faith recommended Salesians to take over further work in some Apostolic Prefectures and vicarages. Due to lack of Salesian personnel, Salesian missions in India started in 1905, and the year after in China as well. During the first Salesian mission expedition to China, two Salesian priest were killed by bandits on 2nd March 1930: Bishop Aloysius Versiglia and Father Callistus Caravario; who were canonized on 1st October 2000. The first Salesians were sent to Australia in 1922. First Salesian establishments for educating the young in Africa were opened in the year 1891. In fact, they were meant for the European citizens but later also for the African people. After the pilgrimage of the pope John Paul II onto the African continent in 1980, Salesians went ahead with the project called „Project Africa”.
EN
Saint John Bosco founded The Society of Saint Francis de Sales in 1859 in Turin, whose Constitutions were finally accepted by The Holy See on 3rd April 1874. The first group of Salesian missionaries left for Argentine on 11th November 1875. For a start they began working among the Italian emigrants, and then initiated evangelization of the local inhabitants. After the first expedition, Salesians made their way to other countries of South and Middle America. The Vatican Congregation of Faith recommended Salesians to take over further work in some Apostolic Prefectures and vicarages. Due to lack of Salesian personnel, Salesian missions in India started in 1905, and the year after in China as well. During the first Salesian mission expedition to China, two Salesian priest were killed by bandits on 2nd March 1930: Bishop Aloysius Versiglia and Father Callistus Caravario; who were canonized on 1st October 2000. The first Salesians were sent to Australia in 1922. First Salesian establishments for educating the young in Africa were opened in the year 1891. In fact, they were meant for the European citizens but later also for the African people. After the pilgrimage of the pope John Paul II onto the African continent in 1980, Salesians went ahead with the project called „Project Africa”.
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Sympozjum
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2019
|
issue 2(37)
253-257
PL
Sprawozdanie z sympozjum naukowego Idźcie i głoście. Misyjny wymiar ewangelizacji, Kraków, 7 listopada 2019 roku
EN
Report from the scientific symposium Go and preach. The missionary dimension of evangelization, Krakow, November 7th, 2019
EN
The history and traditions of Polish-Ukrainian military contacts are as rich as the relations between the two nations. Intensive military cooperation dates back to the mid-16th century and is connected with the pursuit of the military capabilities of the Cossacks. The next chapter of Polish-Ukrainian military cooperation started just after the end of the First World War. The state authorities, analysing the political and military situation, noticed the importance of Ukraine for the future balance of power in Europe and its impact on Poland’s security in the east. The leader of the Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), ataman Symon Petlura, had a similar approach. The need for joint action in the face of growing threat led both parties to intensify negotiations and to sign a political and military agreement. The findings made on 14 January 1992 during the visit of the Minister of Defence of Ukraine, Colonel Konstantin Morozov, to Poland should be regarded as the beginning of contemporary military contacts with Ukraine. In formal terms, the legal basis for cooperation was the agreement on this matter, signed on 3 February 1993 in Kiev. In its framework, both parties agreed to develop, inter alia, training and training-operational cooperation. It was intended to be implemented through contacts between units stationed in the border regions, transferring the main effort to the lower levels of command.
EN
For 10 years, Bishop Jerzy Mazur SVD held the responsible position of the Chairman of the Polish Episcopal Commission for Missions. The authors of the article consider his most important initiatives and achievements as Chairman of this Commission. The article is published in two parts. Part 1 begins with the presentation of the missionary profile of Bishop Jerzy Mazur. Then, the authors discuss his undertakings aimed at strengthening the mission structures and integrating the mission environment in the Church in Poland. They pay attention to mission animation and formation activities as well as mission cooperation with the Pontifical Mission Societies, religious congregations, diocesan mission groups, foundations, Catholic movements and associations supporting missions. Special place is given to the importance of material and spiritual support of missionaries and assistance for projects carried out in missions. In Part 2, the authors, among other items, present Bishop’s initiatives on mission outreach through media, both print and electronic ones. They also mention initiatives regarding the participatory involvement of laity in missionary service. Finally, they consider two most important events for the mission environment in Poland, namely, the 4th National Mission Congress, prepared and conducted by the Bishop, and the Extraordinary Mission Month.
EN
For 10 years, Bishop Jerzy Mazur SVD held the responsible position of the Chairman of the Polish Episcopal Commission for Missions. The authors of the article consider his most important initiatives and achievements as Chairman of this Commission. The article is published in two parts. Part 1 begins (Nurt SVD, no. 1, 2021, p. 8-42) with the presentation of the missionary profile of Bishop Jerzy Mazur. Then, the authors discuss his undertakings aimed at strengthening the mission structures and integrating the mission environment in the Church in Poland. They pay attention to mission animation and formation activities as well as mission cooperation with the Pontifical Mission Societies, religious congregations, diocesan mission groups, foundations, Catholic movements and associations supporting missions. Special place is given to the importance of material and spiritual support of missionaries and assistance for projects carried out in missions. In Part 2, the authors, among other items, present Bishop’s initiatives on mission outreach through media, both print and electronic ones. They also mention initiatives regarding the participatory involvement of laity in missionary service. Finally, they consider two most important events for the mission environment in Poland, namely, the 4th National Mission Congress, prepared and conducted by the Bishop, and the Extraordinary Mission Month.
EN
The article presents the main missionary organizations both Protestant and Orthodox working in the Caucasus in the nineteenth century. By presenting them in a rather general and brief form, the article is intended to emphasize the importance of the Bible translations in the missionary projects. The Bible itself constitutes a text which influences the missionary approach, as well as the cultural and social practices of the people to whom the Bible and its translation is addressed. The main assumption of the text is, however, that the changing attitudes to the Bible among the Christians living in the Caucasus were related to the appearance of the Protestants and their understanding of the Holy Book.
EN
In the article, on the grounds of a perfect type of bureaucracy by Max Weber, is represented description of the bureaucratic organization and list of features connected with military organization in peacetime. In the following sections, dysfunctions of bureaucratic organization based on Robert Merton’s view, were presented and compared with military organization realising assignments outside the country. The aim of this article is to compare two countenances of military organizations in peacetime and time of war during accomplishing tasks outside of the fatherland.
Prace Kulturoznawcze
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2019
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vol. 23
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issue 2-3
183-211
EN
The peculiar “museum boom” in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) attracts much attention from Western researchers. This phenomenon is undoubtedly linked to the cultural shift towards national and cultural heritage promoted by the authorities, which in turn is an important element of the nationalist political ideology. This policy is becoming more and more important in the last three decades of the reform and opening-up period. Museums, like the concept of a “nation” and the nationalist ideology, came to China from the West at about the same time and in a similar political and intellectual context, which meant that the museums quickly became entangled in politics and propaganda. This situation, strengthened even further in the communist period, led to the creation of a very specific form of state-controlled museology. Nowadays, museums and associated thematic parks play a key role in the strategy of developing the culture of the Chinese government, the project of “management and social order.” In this context, these institutions form part of an important mission entrusted to them by the party — the mission of building a new cultural and historical narrative serving the needs of the “new China.” The mission of various types of museums in contemporary China is shaped by overlapping political, economic, ideological and even moral dimensions. It is an important element of the soft power of modern China, which is also an important global symbol of China, attracting millions of foreign tourists a year. In this dimension, the museum’s mission is significantly expanded, it becomes a tool for building an international position and prestige. The aim of the article was to look at the history of Chinese museums in the 20th century in the context of continuity and changeability of the missionary dimension of their functioning, and to conduct a critical analysis of this missionary dimension in the unique conditions of “capitalism with Chinese characteristics” in the contemporary PRC.
EN
The visions of the top 26 world-class universities of the first 30 in the Shanghai ranking list have been evaluated and compared with the missions of the world’s top 20 universities. Applying the content analysis, a group of 48 keywords, which describe the essence of these visions, has been revealed. The average amount of keywords in one vision is 51. According to the relevant characteristics, the missions are three times shorter (respectively 15 and 18 words). All keywords in missions, except one, are present in the list of words for visions. The main keywords for visions are “world”, “research’, “students”, “education” and “knowledge”, each of these words is present in half and more than three quarters of visions. For missions such words are “education’, “research”, “knowledge” and “create”, and have the same degree of use. The main content differences relating to visions and missions occur due to a lower word frequency (less significance). Comparison of visions and missions using 20 characteristic parameters shows that in quantitative terms, except the range of normalized frequencies for a certain number of institutions and the average frequency of keyword use, visions substantially prevail the relevant characteristics of missions (from 1,3 to 5,0 times). Regarding the qualitative structure of visions and missions – they are almost identical (mismatch within 0,9–1,2 times). This can be explained by the fact that mission in general as the generic purposes of the top institutions are more specific, unambiguous and stable in formulations, so to speak, statutory and the degree of their interuniversity variations is less. At the same time, the strategic visions of their implementation are more diverse and creatively formulated like a sort of expected predictions; therefore, they are less accurate and more approximate, and of course they are frequently reviewed in the process of development.
EN
Under can. 770, “At certain times, according to the regulations of the diocesan Bishop, parish priests are to arrange for sermons in the form of retreats and missions, as they are called, or in other forms adapted to requirements.” First, this paper presents the concept and purpose of the parish popular missions. Next, the question of the subject and addressees of the mission is presented. Much space has been devoted to the missionary teaching.The final part is dedicated to the missionary services falling in the sacramental scope and popular piety.
EN
This article is based on the reflection of Bishop Dominique Rey on the missionary mandate of the parish in the twenty-first century. Its structure consists of three chapters. The first chapter presents pastoral and academic achievements of Bishop Rey, especially in terms of evangelization. Then the article presents a brief analysis of current threats, to which - according to Dominique Rey – a modern parish is exposed. The third part of the article shows indications formulated by the Bishop of Fréjus-Toulon to contribute to the greater awakening of the missionary spirit in each parish community. In his teaching, Dominique Rey also remembers that evangelization must start from deepening our personal relationship with Christ. Every priest in parishes and all parishioners should keep this in mind.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł oparty jest na refleksji biskupa Dominique Reya na temat misyjnego posłannictwa parafii w XXI wieku. Na jego strukturę treściową składają się trzy rozdziały. Najpierw refleksja w nim zawarta oparta została na przedstawieniu osiągnięć duszpastersko-naukowych biskupa Reya, zwłaszcza pod kątem jego aktywności ewangelizacyjnej. Następnie artykuł prezentuje krótką analizę aktualnych zagrożeń, na które – zdaniem Dominique Reya – narażona jest współczesna parafia. Z kolei, w trzeciej jego części ukazane zostały wskazówki biskupa Fréjus-Toulon, mające przyczynić się do większego rozbudzenia ducha misyjnego w każdej wspólnocie parafialnej. W swoim nauczaniu Dominique Rey przypomina również stale o tym, że każda ewangelizacja musi rozpocząć się od pogłębienia naszej indywidualnej relacji z Chrystusem. Powinien więc o tym pamiętać każdy duszpasterz w parafii oraz wszyscy parafianie.
EN
Media communicating via the Internet have become tools of evangelizing infl uence since the early 1990s. They became the subject of research for the author, in terms of  how well they are known to the Internet users depending on the degree of religiosity they declared (believers and regular users, believers and occasional practitioners, non-believers), which allowed to formulate pastoral postulates and conclusions. The survey included persons from a representative, nationwide sample (N = 1000) who  completed standardized CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) questionnaire interviews and VIDI (Virtual Individual In-Depth Interviews – individual indepth interviews).  This is the fi rst such extensive research on Poland. According to the research, the knowledge and use of Christian media that communicate through the Internet, including the missionary ones, changes depending on the respondents’ declared degree of religiosity.
EN
Bede Venerable from Northumbria belongs to the group of the most prolific writers of the early medieval period. This Benedictine friar from Britain became famous thanks to his chronicle: Historia ecclesiastica gentis Angelorum, dedicated to the history of his motherland since the moment of Gaius Julius Caesar’s arrival until the year 731. Thanks to this chronicle, but also his other historical records concerning, e.g. Benedictine abbots, Bede Venerable owes his name of ‘the father of English historiography’. The issue of the Christianisation of Britain, connected with the continuous sending of missionaries on the British territory, creates the main part of this chronicle. This article is an attempt, undertaken with a certain amount of timidity, to outline the  history of the introduction and renewal of Christianity in Britain based only on the chronicle written by Bede Venerable.
EN
The history of the Jesuit college in Grodno has been presented in encyclopedic and tourist publications. Many issues have been developed by historians of architecture and culture. This allows one to refer to research in Russian, Belarusian and Polish without unnecessary repetition. This article presents the results of a study on the presence of the Society of Jesus on the border of present-day Lithuania, Poland and Belarus. Apart from the architectural ensemble of the Jesuit College in Grodno (Hrodna), other tangible traces of the cultural heritage of the Jesuits in this territory are poorly preserved. Therefore, the article outlines the history of the missions in Merecz, Urdomin and Rotnica (now Merkinė, Rudamina and Ratnyčia in Lithuania), Hołny (now Hołny Wolmera in Poland) and Kotra, Dziembrowo and Wołkowysk (now Kotra, Dembrov and Vawkavysk in Belarus). The development of these posts, dependent on the College in Grodno, was linked with important yet little-known events in the history of culture and education in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Currently, in many places, there is no object that would be associated with the presence of Jesuits, although nothing prevents one from using historical and cultural research results or integrating oneself to discover historical facts and artefacts in cultural objects that can be protected.
PL
Dzieje kolegium jezuickiego w Grodnie są przedstawione w publikacjach encyklopedycznych i wydawnictwach turystycznych. Wiele zagadnień jest też opracowanych przez historyków architektury i kultury. Pozawala to bez zbędnych powtórzeń odwołać się do istniejących badań w języku rosyjskim, białoruskim i polskim. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad obecnością Towarzystwa Jezusowego na pograniczu dzisiejszej Litwy, Polski i Białorusi. Oprócz zespołu architektonicznego kolegium jezuickiego w Grodnie (Hrodna), inne namacalne ślady dziedzictwa kulturowego jezuitów na tym terenie są słabo zachowane. Dlatego w artykule opisano historię misji w Mereczu, Urdominie i Rotnicy (obecnie Merkinė, Rudamina i Ratnyčia na Litwie), w Hołnym (obecnie Hołny Wolmera w Polsce) oraz w Kotrze, Dziembrowie i Wołkowysku (obecnie Kotra, Dembrov i Vawkavysk na Białorusi). Rozwój tych misji zależnych od Kolegium w Grodnie związany był z ważnymi, choć mało znanymi wydarzeniami w historii kultury i edukacji w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Obecnie w wielu miejscowościach nie ma żadnego obiektu, który kojarzyłby się z obecnością jezuitów. Jednak nic nie stoi na przeszkodzie, aby wykorzystać wyniki badań historycznych i kulturowych, integrować odkryte fakty historyczne i artefakty w obiekty dziedzictwa kulturowego, które mają być chronione.
Nurt SVD
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2020
|
issue 2
120-134
PL
Wolontariat medyczny w Afryce jest reakcją na niedobory wyspecjalizowanych kadr w lokalnych ośrodkach zdrowia. Aby działania wolontariuszy przynosiły pozytywny efekt, konieczne jest odpowiednie szkolenie kandydatów oraz właściwe przygotowanie zaplecza organizacyjnego. Długoletnie doświadczenie w pracy z wolontariuszami ma Fundacja Pomocy Humanitarnej Redemptoris Missio. Badając praktyki tej fundacji, autor usiłuje określić modelową organizację wolontariatu medycznego w misyjnych ośrodkach zdrowia w Afryce. Przeprowadzony proces badawczy pozwolił wskazać kluczowe elementy wolontariatu: współpraca z partnerami lokalnymi, stworzenie właściwej oferty dla wolontariuszy, określenie jasnych reguł rekrutacji, przeprowadzenie interdyscyplinarnego procesu szkoleniowego dla osób wyjeżdżających do ośrodków misyjnych.
EN
Medical volunteering in Africa is a response to the shortage of specialized personnel in local health centers. In order for the activities of volunteers to produce a positive effect, it is necessary to properly train the candidates and properly prepare the organizational facilities. The Redemptoris Missio Humanitarian Aid Foundation has many years of experience in working with volunteers. By examining the practices of this foundation, the author tries to define a model organization of medical volunteering in mission health centers in Africa. The conducted research process allowed to identify some key elements of volunteering: cooperation with local partners, making an appropriate offer for volunteers, defining clear recruitment rules and conducting an interdisciplinary training process for people moving to mission centers.
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