Background. The aim of the study was to develop cognitive models of efficiency of male footballers during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In addition, this study tried to determine the efficiency level of shots and passes of the ball based on: activity, efficiency and reliability of players’ actions. Material and methods. While developing play models, the author used materials collected on the basis of the system of analysing players’ performance, so-called the Castrol Performance Index. It includes the performances of all 599 players who participated in the tournament. The univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) for individual classification was used in statistical analysis. The post-hoc test was applied when significant differences occurred. Results. Among the teams playing in the three systems of play analysed here, there were no essential differences in the efficiency of shots to the goal. However, significant differences appeared in activity (p = 0.006), efficiency (p = 0.008) and reliability (p = 0.049) in passing the ball between the teams using the 1–4–2–3–1 system and those preferring the 1–4–4–2 system. The significant difference was also found in higher frequency of passes of footballers playing the 1-4-2-3-1 system when compared to the teams using the 1–4–3–3 system. Additionally, in certain lengths of passes appeared similar dependencies. The key element in the 1–4–2–3–1 system is arranging the team in 5 lines, which results in significant number of passes made. It favours a combinatorial play, thus providing an opportunity to exchange a great number of passes, especially of short and medium lengths. Key words: operational efficiency, the World Cup, football
Background. There is limited knowledge of the time-motion structure of bouts in Freestyle wrestling.Problem and aim. The main goal of this study was to determine the effort and pause ratios in Freestyle wrestling. Methods. 297 bouts from the Freestyle wrestling World Championships 2018 were analyzed. Bouts were divided into three weight classes (lightweight, middleweight, heavyweight. For the time-motion analysis, Kinovea software was used. Results. The effort:pause ratio was determined at 2.4:1. The number of work periods per bout was 8. Most of the bout time was spent in a standing position during the preparation phase. The heavyweight wrestlers spent statistically significant less time in the standing position during the execution time compared to light- and middleweights. The effort and pause ratio for lightweights, middleweights, and heavyweights were determined at 2.2:1, 2.4:1, and 2.5:1, respectively. Conclusions. The results of our study can be used to prescribe physical training. Future time-motion analyses are needed.
PL
Tło. Wiedza na temat struktury czasowo-ruchowej walk w zapasach freestyle jest ograniczona. Problem i cel. Głównym celem niniejszego badania było określenie współczynnika wysiłku i pauzy/przerwy w zapasach w stylu dowolnym. Metody. Przeanalizowano 297 walk z Mistrzostw Świata 2018 w zapasach freestyle. Walki zostały podzielone na trzy kategorie wagowe (lekka, średnia, ciężka). Do analizy ruchu w czasie wykorzystano oprogramowanie Kinovea. Wyniki. Stosunek wysiłku do przerwy/ pauzy określono na 2,4:1. Liczba okresów działania w czasie walki wynosiła 8. Większość czasu walka była prowadzona w pozycji stojącej podczas fazy przygotowawczej. Zawodnicy wagi ciężkiej spędzali statystycznie istotnie mniej czasu w pozycji stojącej w czasie walki w porównaniu z zawodnikami wagi lekkiej i średniej. Współczynnik wysiłku i przerwy/pauzy dla wagi lekkiej, średniej i wagi ciężkiej określono odpowiednio na 2,2:1, 2,4:1 i 2,5:1. Wnioski. Wyniki badania można wykorzystać do przepisania treningu fizycznego.Potrzebne są przyszłe analizy ruchu w czasie.
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