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Proč jsou podle Aristotela demokracie a oligarchie nejdůležitější "ústavy" a v čem se zásadně liší?

100%
Novák M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2024
|
vol. 60
|
issue 2
187-211
EN
According to Aristotle, democracy and oligarchy are empirically the most widespread and analytically fundamental ‘constitutions’. I analyse how in different places in his Aristotle ‘positively’ defines and differentiates between democracy and oligarchy. At the same time, I substantiate in detail a new interpretation of Aristotle‘s view that significantly differs from the current interpretation. ‘Combining’ the elements, procedures, and principles of democracy and oligarchy gives rise to mixed 'constitutions', a special place among which is occupied by the politeia or republic, which is the best regime ‘for most states and for most people’. I show the ways in which it is possible, according to Aristotle, to form such a regime. Carl Schmitt and, later somewhat differently, Bernard Manin draw a link between Aristotle’s mixed regime and the representative democracies of today.
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