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EN
The welfare state expresses an institutionalized structure after World War II. Amongbthe studies on the welfare state, the classification-centered ones have a special place. The studies on the classification of the welfare state have improved in the period of institutionalization. The first studies on this subject mainly focused on the level of social spending, the scope of social security systems, and the provision of welfare services. In spite of the precursor works, the generally accepted approach to the classification of welfare states is based on the work carried out by Esping-Andersen in 1990. Esping-Andersen updated his views in 1999 with a new study. This study aims to expose the studies on the classification of welfare states. Accordingly, first of all, precursor studies have been explained, and then the modeling of Esping-Andersen has been laid out. In the last part of the study, criticism has been put about the modeling of Esping-Andersen.
XX
Państwo opiekuńcze opisuje strukturę, która w pełni zinstutucjonalizowała się po II wojnie światowej. Wśród badań dotyczących państwa opiekuńczego szczególne miejsce zajmują analizy skoncentrowane na klasyfikacji. Pierwsze badania na ten temat koncentrowały się głównie na poziomie wydatków socjalnych, zakresie systemów zabezpieczenia społecznego i świadczeniu usług opieki społecznej w różnych krajach. Ogólnie przyjęte podejście do klasyfikacji państw opiekuńczych czerpie z prac przeprowadzonych przez Esping-Ander- sena w 1990 r., a następnie—podejścia zaktualizowanego przez autora w 1999 r. Niniejszy artykuł przeglądowy ma na celu usystematyzowanie badań nad klasyfikacją państw opiekuńczych. Prezentuje badania prekursorskie z tego zakresu, a następnie—podejście rozwinięte przez Esping-Andersena. W ostatniej części artykułu zaprezentowana jest krytyka modeli Esping-Andersena.
EN
The article focuses on the process of shaping social policy in the European Economic Community as well as the factors conditioning it in the fields of family support, education and public healthcare. It covers the period from the inception of the EEC to the signing of the Treaty on European Union in 1992 in Maastricht. The characteristic feature of Community social policy in mentioned-above areas was monitoring global trends in social issues and determining the EEC desired direction of aspirations along with defining general standards in the area of social policy. It was concluded that the further harmonious development of the Community would not be possible without making arrangements to solve problems common to all the Member States, such as unfavorable demographic projections, the need for adjusting the methods of education and training to the changing trends in the labor market or the epidemiological threats to the health of European citizens.
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