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Tělesnost a moderní doba: příklad ruralismu

100%
Derková V., Kotásek M.
Bohemistyka
|
2022
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issue 4
525-542
EN
The article focuses on cultural changes that the human body goes through in Modernism. It points at the main features of the current disourse of the body. It stresses the importance of medicine and psychological discourses of the time and their link with political discourse of nationality. The same relevance is found regarding the new visual massmedia – especially newspapers and photography. The general outline of the most relevant features of Modernity in connection with the human body is followed by a particular analysis of ruralist prose by František Křelina and Václav Prokůpek. The analysis points at the relevancy of literature disourse facing competition from new modes of representation (especially visual ones).
CS
Článek se věnuje kulturním proměnám, jimiž prochází v moderní době lidská tělesnost. Pojmenovává hlavní okolnosti, formující dobové pohledy na problematiku těla, přičemž zdůrazňuje prosazování i laickou recepci medicínského a psychologického diskurzu, jež jsou propojeny se zájmy politickými. Přinejmenším stejná závažnost je přisuzována novým vizuálním a hromadně sdělovacím médiím – především fotografiím a novinám. Na obecnější uvedení do relevantních znaků moderny ve vztahu k lidské tělesnosti navazuje konkrétní analýza textů Františka Křeliny a Václava Prokůpka. Tato analýza umožňuje poukázat na relevantnost literárního diskurzu i v konkurenci nových, moderních reprezentačních médií.
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Předválečná epizoda Otakara Theera : reflexe tvorby a strategie

100%
Tichý M.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 3
418-428
EN
This paper, based primarily on archive sources and on published texts of a programmatic nature, examines the place of poet Otakar Theer within the framework of ‘prewar modernism’ between 1911 and 1914, particularly in a comparison of opinions on creative work and the strategies implemented in the literary field. It shows that the inception of the 1914 Almanach project was based not only on the partial compatibility of the programmes, but above all on the strategic alliance that was to provide unknown authors with publication space and to confirm for Theer the importance of his poetic experiments as motivation for a transformation in Czech lyricism as a whole at that time. Whereas Theer’s strategy appears consistent, leading to the suppression of conflicts within the group (even though Theer reflects them in a very interesting manner in his private texts), the conflicts among the young authors (e.g. the Čapek brothers and Kodíček) are aggravated because following the failure of Almanach, this group adopted a strategy to radically subvert the previous semantic order within literature, rejecting the previous centripetal, individualistic conception of creative output, which Theer ultimately attempted to salvage despite all his experiments with form and epistemics.
CS
Stať, opírající se především o archivní prameny i o publikované texty programové povahy, zkoumá místo básníka Otakara Theera v rámci tzv. předválečné moderny v letech 1911-1914, zejména ve srovnání názorů na tvorbu a strategií realizovaných v literárním poli. Ukazuje, že zrod projektu Almanachu na rok 1914 je dán nejen částečnou kompatibilitou programů, ale především strategickým spojenectvím, jež má neznámým autorům zabezpečit publikační prostor a Theerovi potvrdit význam jeho poetických experimentů jako impulsu pro proměnu celé soudobé české lyriky. Zatímco tato Theerova strategie se jeví jako konstantní a vede k potlačování rozporů uvnitř skupiny (byť je Theer v neveřejných textech velmi zajímavě reflektuje), u mladých autorů (bratři Čapkové, J. Kodíček) jsou naopak rozpory vyhrocovány s tím, jak tato skupina po neúspěchu Almanachu zaujímá strategii radikální subverze dosavadního sémantického pořádku v literatuře, v tom i odmítnutí dosavadního dostředivého, individualistického konceptu tvorby, jejž se Theer snaží přes všechny experimenty s tvarem a epistemikou nakonec zachránit.
3
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O powstaniu polskiego kulturoznawstwa

100%
Łukasiewicz K.
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
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2018
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vol. 100
16-26
EN
The article presents the rise of Polish cultural studies into a scientific discipline and academic trend, placing it in a broader perspective of culture as such and of early-modernist intellectual approaches to it. Revealing the philosophical, social and political context behind cultural studies, the paper uses it as a background to discuss different approaches to reflection on culture which cultural studies had to confront on its path to its cultural identity. This is where culture in its general theoretical dimension meets the specific Polish historical conditions.
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Hipermodernistyczna, ambiwalentna postawa filozofa

100%
Lorenc I.
Edukacja Filozoficzna
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2018
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issue 66
85-98
PL
Zadaniem szkicu będzie osadzenie postawy określanej mianem hipermodernistycznej nie tylko w kontekście problemów późnej moderny, ale i w szerszym kontekście niezbywalnej ambiwalencji wpisanej w samą kondycję filozofowania. Ambiwalencja ta jest nie tylko przez filozoficzną, późnonowoczesną refleksję podtrzymywana, ale i w związku z licznymi, radykalnymi zmianami w polu współczesnego doświadczenia, wzmacniana. Hipermodernizm miałby być odpowiedzią na potrzebę podtrzymania wiary w sens działań zmierzających do poprawy świata pomimo erozji przekonań i wyczerpania znaczeń pojęć, które składały się na projekt modernistyczny i pomimo wyczerpania się postmodernistycznych paradygmatów. Przedstawiam w tekście wybrane dyskusje wokół projektowanych dziś pojęć służących intelektualnemu zagospodarowaniu owego stanu świadomości.
EN
The aim of this essay is to place the so-called hypermodernist attitude in the context of the problems of late modernity as well as the broader context of the inherent ambivalence intrinsic to the very condition of philosophising. This ambivalence is not only upheld by late modern philosophical thought but also – due to the many radical changes in the field of contemporary experience – enhanced by it. Hypermodernism is supposed to be an answer to the need to uphold the faith that activities aimed at improving the world are not pointless despite the erosion of beliefs and the depletion of meanings of the ideas which comprised the modernist project, and despite the exhaustion of postmodern paradigms. In the text, I present selected discussions around ideas that are currently being developed to intellectually manage this state of awareness.
5
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Karol Wojtyła’s Philosophy on the Issue of Modernity

99%
Wierzbicki A. M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2019
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vol. 54
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issue 3
173-185
PL
Specyfiką antropologii Karola Wojtyły jest synteza obiektywizmu i subiektywności, łączy on wątki aleteiczne i agapiczne. Akceptując nowożytny zwrot antropologiczny, z jednej strony, podejmuje w swych pracach próbę syntezy klasycznej filozofii bytu z filozofią świadomości, a z drugiej strony, dąży do korekty skrajnego antropocentryzmu myśli nowożytnej. Autor artykułu analizuje związek Wojtyły koncepcji świadomości i podmiotowości z personalistycznym stylem duszpasterstwa Jana Pawła II, głoszącego, że „człowiek jest podstawową drogą Kościoła”. Drugim filarem analizy jest pytanie o sens ludzkiej wolności. W myśli Wojtyły oraz w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II rozważania o wolności jako podstawowej właściwości bytu osoby łączą się z namysłem nad jej etycznym wymiarem.
EN
Karol Wojtyła’s anthropology is characterised by a synthesis of objectivity and subjectivity, and his combination of aletheic and agapic notions. By accepting the modern anthropological turn, on the one hand, he attempted in his works a synthesis of the classic philosophy of being with the philosophy of awareness, and, on the other, he strived to correct the extreme anthropocentrism of modern thought. The author of the article analysed the relationship between Wojtyła’s concept of awareness and subjectivity with the personalistic style of John Paul II’s ministry of “man as the basic path of the Church.” The other pillar of the analysis is the question about the meaning of human freedom. In Wojtyła’s thought and in the teachings of John Paul II, any discussion of freedom as the basic property of a personal being was combined with a reflection on its ethical dimension.
6
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Česká literární moderna v časopise Aus fremden Zungen — čtyři příklady prostředkování

80%
Merhautová L.
Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense
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2015
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vol. 12
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issue 24
93-125
EN
Czech literary modernism in the journal Aus fremden Zungen — four examples of mediation The study focuses on Bronislav Wellek, Adolph Donath, Camill Hoffmann, Oskar Wiener and Otto Hauser and their translations and articles on modern Czech literature published in the German journal Aus fremden Zungen (1891–1910). This fortnightly established by Joseph Kürschner dealt exclusively with foreign literature. Its openness to all kinds of literary currents and little-known minor literatures was unique within the system of German literary journals. A comparison indicates the key role played by mediators. The primary requirement for their activity was multilingualism, and it turns out that in the case of all the figures under consideration, language did not necessarily have the nationally symbolic significance ascribed by politics, and their identity basically did not depend on their use of one language or another. The progress and success of this mediation was not just decided by the literary standard of the translation, but all five translators were concerned to improve the standard of translation, as well as to change the approach to translation in general. The choice of text and its succeeded publication was determined by the involvement of the mediators in the Czech and German literary context. Hence Bronislav Wellek focused primarily on translations and interpretations of poetry by Jaroslav Vrchlický and J. S. Machar, whom he knew personally and who also introduced him to their own literary and intellectual circles. It was thanks to Vrchlický that he printed his translations in Eduard Albert’s anthologies Poesie aus Böhmen (1893–1895). Machar was responsible for other translations, e.g. Hilbert’s drama Vina, which Hermann Bahr was to help promote in the German-language sphere. Between 1896 and 1898, Adolph Donath attempted to build up his position as mediator between the Moderní revue circle and some representatives ofViennese modernism (e.g. Karl Kraus, Peter Altenberg and Felix Rappaport). For Aus fremden Zungen he translated an impressionistic short story by Luisa Ziková Bílý květ (White Flower). In a fivepart series and an accompanying study modern Czech prose (J. Zeyer, V. Mrštík, F. X. Svoboda, J. K. Šlejhar and R. Svobodová) was presented by Camill Hoffmann and Oskar Wiener. Their mediation activities were based on direct relations with Prague Czech authors of the youngest generation, on whom Hoffmann also focused in his articles for other German journals, though in Aus fremden Zungen he was concerned with surveying the modernist work of the 1890s. Samples of Czech prose were followed on by translations from modern Czech lyric poetry (O. Březina, A. Sova, K. Hlaváček and V. Dyk) written by Otto Hauser. This polyglot and translator from numerous languages was a different kind of Viennese mediator. In contrast to Wellek and Hoffmann, Hauser was only in sporadic correspondence with Sova and Březina. His literary assessment of their poetry was based on his broad knowledge of contemporary European poetry, including minor literatures (such as Danish, Dutch and Croatian) and as such is of importance. These examples show that literary mediation is a complex rapprochement of variously defined and construed contexts, which have their reflected and unrealized limits.
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