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EN
By the example of Central Federal District of the Russian Federation the dynamics of the changes of political, economic and social-cultural segments of the elite group in the conditions of modernization processes in Russia are viewed. Special attention is paid to such factor as a type of economic development of the federal subject. The article is based on the results of the researches carried out within a framework of the Federal targeted programme “Scientific and Scientific-Pedagogical Personnel of the Innovative Russia” for 2009–2013.
EN
The article includes the presentation of the book by Przemyslaw Czapliński “Remnants of modernity” in relation to the functioning of political parties in Poland and the wider realm of politics. This presentation was made due to the cognitive importance of Czapliński’s discoveries and is an attempt to locate these considerations in transdisciplinary perspective.
PL
Kształtowanie się kultury obywatelskości społeczeństwa ukraińśkiego w warunkach rozwoju „młodej demokracji”
EN
The paper shows that in the early stages of the process of social and political modernization of the ideological sphere acquires special characteristics that distinguish it from both the traditional ways of political legitimacy, and on the ideological communication typical of the established competitive democracies. Ideological process in the country following the path of catch-up modernization, characterized by weak association between the most popular concepts and ideological interests of major groups. Dominated by issues related to the creation of new political institutions, and, in general, the question of power, and not the problem of justification of specific management strategies.
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Modernizacja w Rosji

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RU
Журнал «Политическиe исследования» – лидер среди польских периодических изданий, представляющих сферу политических наук – в течение нескольких лет ведет активное сотрудничество с ведущими политологами наших восточных соседей. Мы неоднократно предоставляли вниманию читателей выпуски нашего ежеквартального журнала, посвященные проблематике трансформации, перемен и реформирования, осуществляемых на постсоветском пространстве. Данная совместная деятельность имеет необычайно важное значение, поскольку разрушает мифы и стереотипные подходы в раскрытии образа данного региона, сверх того – это попытка представить реальный процесс перемен. Следует подчеркнуть, что мы предоставляем слово исследователям, непосредственно связанным с регионом, а не только наблюдателям, анализирующим в данный момент процесс перемен и преображений, наступивших после 1989 года.
EN
The book provides an analysis of the sovereignty building in Kazakhstan since the declaring of the independence. It deals with the unique construction stages of the Kazakh model in the difficult economic, international, military conditions of the CIS’ first decades. In this context President N. Nazarbayev justifies the integrated approach in politics, decision-making mechanisms, the place of Kazakhstan in global economy, in geopolitical games. This work integrates the description of the country’s strategic planning and describes the state-building experience. By the reflection of this type the author shows the essence of coherent political line to stronger the role of the the country and its relative independent status.
EN
The article demonstrates how different conceptualizations of modernization can lead to very different explanations and conclusions about both the dynamics of democratization and political change in post-communist world. The postwar experience of the communist East has constituted an attempt to overcome un derdevelopment and establish economic and political progress. The specific characteristics of the post-communist transition consist in the fact that we are witnessing not only a political transformation from a totalitarian regime to a pluralistic democracy, but at the same time an economic transformation from a planned command economy to a free market economy in Central and Eastern Europe and a transformation towards a civil society with free associations. In 1995 A. Przeworski noted that the fall of communism in Eastern Europe has been widely interpreted as a triumph of democracy and of capitalism. The new post-communist countries have chosen a strategy of adopting political, economic, and cultural organization already existing elsewhere – democracy, markets, and an individualistic, consumption-oriented culture that dominates the advanced capitalist world. The school of transitology, which was very influential at the time, may have had low expectations concerning the spread of democracy at heart but it also stressed that in the heat of the transition from authoritarianism it was only the political actors’ choices that were of vital importance. Staunchly opposed to this view, the opponents of the transitology approaches argued that the history of the post-communist countries, and the communist legacy, in particular, more or less ruled out a steady movement toward liberal democracy. They claimed, in particular, that a fundamental gap separated at least half of the former communist countries from the West and, by extension, from democracy. In this strategy, modernization becomes synonymous with internationalization: integration into the world economy, combined with an imitation of economic, political, and cul tural patterns prevalent in the advanced capitalist countries. However few politicians fully realized that both democratic institutions and capitalist economies differ in significant ways even among the developed democratic countries. Moreover, those who seek to imitate these countries often forget that there are many cases in which capitalism has failed in generating either prosperity or democracy.
PL
Motywem przewodnim prezentowanego dwudziestego ósmego tomu Studiów Politologicznych są zagadnienia polityczne występujące w przestrzeni wschodnioeuropejskiej. Przestrzeń wschodnioeuropejska, pomimo podobnych doświadczeń politycznych, pozostaje nadal, co – przynajmniej częściowo – zostaje odwzorowane w prezentowanych tekstach, sferą polimorficzną, z wielością odmiennych tradycji, interesów oraz uwarunkowań politycznych, społecznych i ekonomicznych. Na ten stan rzeczy wpływają procesy standaryzacji i integracji. Z jednej strony są to przede wszystkim standardy systemu Rady Europy. Tworzą one przestrzeń podobnego myślenia i zachowania w ramach relacji jednostka – władza publiczna. Z drugiej strony są to procesy integracyjne, charakteryzujące się różnymi wektorami integracji. Obok odwoływania się, a czasem przyjmowania wartości Unii Europejskiej, obserwujemy równie dynamiczne budowanie konkurencyjnych systemów zbliżania i integracji państw poradzieckich. Cechą znamienną integracji przestrzeni poradzieckiej jest bowiem wielość konfiguracji realizowanej współpracy. Inaczej przebiega ona na płaszczyźnie polityki celnej, gospodarczej, naukowej czy zagranicznej.
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