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EN
innovation and technological activity in the context of ensuring technological competitiveness of the economy depends on its identification and understanding of the critical differentiation of the regions of Ukraine by the number of innovatively active enterprises, production volumes, share of realized innovative products, as well as the positioning the regions of Ukraine by the share of enterprises with technological innovations, the rate of its growth and the share of realized innovative products in the total volume of industrial products sold. It is shown that the modern policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy is formed in the context of contemporary challenges of global competition, fundamental features, which are the impact of global crises, financial and economic instability; increase of external expansion due to processes of globalization, development of information economy; pressure on the country's debt; increase in import dependency; high external labour migration activity; destabilization of economic development through military conflict and hybrid attacks; critical disparities in regional development. The strategic priorities of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy have been determined: intensification of technological development of the economy, growth of the general level of innovative activity, formation of a competitive market of intellectual property, development of infrastructure for support of technological innovations, improvement of resource provision of innovative activity, improvement of business parameters of competition.
PL
Spadek dochodów z eksportu ropy naftowej spowodował znaczne pogorszenie sytuacji gospodarczej Arabii Saudyjskiej. Sytuacja ta zmusiła panującego w tym kraju od 2015 roku króla Salmana ibn Abd al-Aziz Al Su'ud do wyrażenia zgody na przeprowadzenie reform gospodarczo-społecznych. Silna opozycja ze strony wpływowych potomków rodziny Saudów utrudniała realizację tych reform do czasu, kiedy na następcę tronu został wyznaczony najmłodszy syn panującego monarchy Mohammad bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. Podjął on pod koniec 2017 roku walkę ze skorumpowanymi saudyjskimi książętami , którym odebrał znaczną część zdobytego w nieuczciwy sposób majątku. Celem nowego następcy tronu jest nie tylko umocnienie własnej pozycji politycznej, lecz przede wszystkim utworzenie w Arabii Saudyjskiej nowych gałęzi przemysłu i transformacja obecnego systemu gospodarczo-społecznego oraz uniezależnienie państwa od wahhabickich duchownych.
EN
The decline in the oil exports revenues has brought about a substantial deterioration of the economic situation of Saudi Arabia. This situation has forced the reigning King Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz Al Su'ud to carry out economic and social reforms in 2015. A deep dependence on oil exports was the main reason of the implementation of economic and social reforms. However, many influential members of the royal family have been, until recent times, in opposition to the planned transformation. Strong opposition from the powerful descendants of the Saudi family made it difficult to implement these reforms until the youngest son of the reigning monarch, Mahammad Bin Salman, was appointed as the heir to the throne in 2017. He arrested the corrupted members of the royal family and other opponents not only in order to strengthen his own political position but, first of all, in order to implement the ambitious programme that includes the creation of new industries in Saudi Arabia, transformation of the current economic and social system and making the state independent of Wahhabi clerics.
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