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EN
The subject of this article is the functioning of two conservative associations gathering Polish monarchists in the first years of the Third Polish Republic – the Conservative-Monarchist Club, the president of which was Artur Górski, and the Conservative Club in Łódź, led by Jacek Bartyzel. The article describes the circumstances of establishing the conservative clubs, ideological principles deriving from the analysis of their policy papers, their critical stance on political events and also the activity propagating the restoration of monarchy in Poland. In terms of politics, the conservative-monarchist associations were a margin of the conservative movement in Poland, which was dominated by democratic and liberal doctrines. Their significance in the first years of the Third Polish Republic was based mainly on intellectual activity and restitution of a proper meaning of the concepts from the canon of political though, distorted in the times of the Polish People’s Republic.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest funkcjonowanie dwóch stowarzyszeń konserwatywnych skupiających polskich monarchistów w pierwszych latach III Rzeczypospolitej: Klubu Zachowawczo-Monarchistycznego, którego prezesem był Artur Górski, oraz Klubu Konserwatywnego w Łodzi, któremu przewodził Jacek Bartyzel. Opisane zostały okoliczności założenia klubów konserwatywnych, zasady ideowe wynikające z analizy ich dokumentów programowych, ich krytyczne stanowisko wobec wydarzeń politycznych, a także działalność propagująca przywrócenie w Polsce monarchii. Pod względem politycznym stowarzyszenia konserwatystów-monarchistów stanowiły margines ruchu konserwatywnego w Polsce, zdominowanego przez nurt demokratyczny i liberalny. Ich znaczenie w pierwszych latach III Rzeczypospolitej polegało głównie na działalności intelektualnej i przywracaniu właściwego znaczenia pojęciom z kanonu myśli politycznej, zniekształconym w okresie PRL-u.
Zapiski Historyczne
|
2020
|
vol. 85
|
issue 1
123-140
EN
Monarchist ideas after the First World War were introduced to Polish political life by student circles. It took the first years of activity to crystallize the programme, which finally led to its revival and establishing contacts with well-known representatives of conservative circles. These activities resulted in the establishment of the Monarchist Organisation in Poznan in 1925, whose operations soon included the area of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, largely owing to its interim president, Józef Bolesław Robakowski, who came from that region. Considering the leadership and financial background of the new organization, its establishment and development should be connected with the landed gentry’s attempt to counteract the agricultural reform, which was adopted with the support of the National Democracy in summer 1925. The postulate of the restoration of the monarchy was based on the pre-war sense of order, which was very widespread, especially in Western Poland. The right-wing sympathies spread among the inhabitants of this region gave hope for the support of a movement that appealed to nationalism, Catholic faith and royal authority. The Pomeranian landed gentry was, however, divided in the assessment of this political movement, and some influential activists explicitly distanced themselves from such views. These views seemed to be detrimental to the common interests of landowners and owners of smaller farms, which had been developed in the region for years. After two years of activity, the Monarchist Organisation merged with the All-Estate Monarchist Organisation, the Pomeranian leaders of the royalist movement joined the conservatives who had already been supporting the political movement of ‘Sanation’. The Monarchist Organisation turned out to be an anachronistic group and did not gain much public support. Nor did it find unequivocal approval among the Pomeranian landed gentry which had been subjected to social modernization for a long time. With a more pragmatic approach, the organization was able to effectively pursue its political goals in the following years.
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Antoni Walewski: historiozofia wyklętego lojalisty

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EN
The aim of this article is the reconstruction and analysis of the historical and political beliefs of Antoni Walewski, Polish monarchist and conservative historian of the 19th century. In his youth, Walewski participated in the November Uprising and along with other Polish statesmen and soldiers went on exile to France, where he backed up Prince Adam J. Czartoryski and supported the controversial concept of “the kingship de facto”. According to this idea, all Poles should submit to Czartoryski (who himself was the king de facto; despite the lack of any legal arguments) in order to spread the new insurrection (far more powerful and well organized than the previous one) against the Commonwealth’s invaders. Later on, in 1848 Walewski totally changed his political orientation. He resigned from his insurrectionism, became a loyalist and started to support the governments of Austria and Russia. This sudden turn in his political beliefs may be understood on the ground of historiosophy. It appears that Walewski’s political statements had deeper roots in a very interesting perspective on the nature of the history, especially the Polish one.
EN
The article presents the views of the representative of Krakow conservative – Henryk Lisicki on the subject of nineteenth-century socio-political changes in Western Europe. His reflections focused on the search for stability of the internal order of those countries, conducted from a moderately conservative position. This meant criticizing the extreme models of socio-political orders that he believed the experience of personal monarchs, an egalitarian republic or authoritarian military dictatorships had brought. In the context of his reflections, the "should" political model was the constitutional monarchy, ensuring the balance of society (even within a strongly diversified one, under the influence of contemporary economic changes), guarantees of civil rights as well as centers of power: the monarch and the representation of the general public, i.e. parliament.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje poglądy przedstawiciela krakowskich konserwatystów – Henryka Lisickiego na kwestię XIX-wiecznych przemian społeczno-politycznych w Europie Zachodniej. Jego rozważania, prowadzone z pozycji umiarkowanie zachowawczych, koncentrowały się wokół poszukiwania stabilizacji ładu wewnętrznego tamtejszych państw. Oznaczało to krytykę skrajnych modeli porządków socjo - politycznych, jakie jego zdaniem przyniosły doświadczenia rządów osobistych monarchów, egalitarnej republiki czy autorytarnych dyktatur wojskowych. W refleksji Lisickiego pożądanym modelem ustrojowym była monarchia konstytucyjna, gwarantująca równowagę społeczeństwa w warunkach ówczesnych XIX-wiecznych przemian ekonomicznych i politycznych.
Facta Simonidis
|
2010
|
vol. 3
|
issue 1
153-166
EN
The aim of the article is to present the attitude of Stanisław Mackiewicz, the chief editor of Wileński journal “Słowo”, towards the marshal Józef Piłsudski in chronological order. The publication depicts, through the prism of journalistic and literary activity, the matters of creating the emotional relationship and building political confidence between the borderland journalist and the head of state. Mackiewicz honoured Józef Piłsudski with respect as the creator of independent state and perceived him to be the best candidate to the assumption of the highest dignities in the state. Being the follower of monarchism, he saw the person of Piłsudski on the Polish throne.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie stosunku redaktora naczelnego wileńskiego dziennika „Słowo” Stanisława Mackiewicza do Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego w ujęciu chronologicznym. Publikacja przedstawia przez pryzmat działalności publicystycznej i pisarskiej kwestie tworzenia się więzi emocjonalnej oraz budowy zaufania politycznego pomiędzy kresowym publicystą a Naczelnikiem Państwa. Mackiewicz darzył szacunkiem Józefa Piłsudskiego jako twórcę niepodległego państwa i postrzegał go jako najlepszego kandydata do objęcia najwyższych godności w państwie. Będąc zwolennikiem monarchizmu widział osobę Piłsudskiego na tronie polskim.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie stosunku redaktora naczelnego wileńskiego dziennika „Słowo” Stanisława Mackiewicza do Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego w ujęciu chronologicznym. Publikacja przedstawia przez pryzmat działalności publicystycznej i pisarskiej kwestie tworzenia się więzi emocjonalnej oraz budowy zaufania politycznego pomiędzy kresowym publicystą a Naczelnikiem Państwa. Mackiewicz darzył szacunkiem Józefa Piłsudskiego jako twórcę niepodległego państwa i postrzegał go jako najlepszego kandydata do objęcia najwyższych godności w państwie. Będąc zwolennikiem monarchizmu widział osobę Piłsudskiego na tronie polskim.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the attitude of Stanisław Mackiewicz, the chief editor of Wileński journal “Słowo”, towards the marshal Józef Piłsudski in chronological order. The publication depicts, through the prism of journalistic and literary activity, the matters of creating the emotional relationship and building political confidence between the borderland journalist and the head of state. Mackiewicz honoured Józef Piłsudski with respect as the creator of independent state and perceived him to be the best candidate to the assumption of the highest dignities in the state. Being the follower of monarchism, he saw the person of Piłsudski on the Polish throne.
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