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EN
Prior to the financial crisis that erupted in 2007 in the United States, monetary policy had been conducted according to theoretical (new neoclassical synthesis) and practical consensuses (Jackson Hole consensus). These consensuses were combined into the central banks’ strategic frameworks. Monetary strategy goal was established together with reaction function and communication strategy. After eruption of the crisis, the central bank mandate was augmented with the explicit support of financial stability. Most central banks gained a new responsibility – macroprudential policy. The conduct of monetary policy and macroprudential policy under one roof creates a new challenging quality. The article’s goal is to assess the redefinition of monetary policy strategy – or more broadly – central banks’ strategy in the light of their newly acknowledged mandate. Up to 2016 central banks did not present a framework of such an enlarged strategy. This situation seems to be temporary. Modern monetary policy which is still central banks’ mandate must shape economic agents’ expectations. Therefore, a state of affairs when central banks avoid a declaration on their own priorities and possible conflict of goals is dissatisfying.
EN
The Maastricht Treaty requires, among others, that the European Union member states should implement standards, principles and instruments of the European System of Central Banks. From the viewpoint of responsibilities of the central bank, this implies domination of the monetary policy over the needs of the economic policy, because the principal goal of this institution is to keep stable the purchasing power of the issued currency. Different strategies can be used to achieve this goal. One such strategy concentrates directly on controlling the inflation target, which is commonly considered a very effective method of stabilizing the purchasing power of the currency. This strategy strengthens the general macroeconomic stability via the channel of monetary transmission, which brings best results in countries with stable and well developed economies, but it is often implemented also in the emerging market countries.
PL
Traktat z Maastricht zobowiązał kraje Unii Europejskiej m.in. do wprowadzenia standardów, zasad oraz instrumentów Europejskiego Systemu Banków Centralnych. Z punktu widzenia zadań banku centralnego oznacza to prymat polityki pieniężnej nad wymogami polityki gospodarczej, ponieważ celem nadrzędnym tej instytucji jest utrzymanie stabilnej siły nabywczej pieniądza emitowanego przez dany bank centralny. W realizacji tej misji banki centralne stosują różne strategie. Jedną z nich jest strategia bezpośredniego celu inflacyjnego. Strategia ta, przez kanał transmisji monetarnej, kształtując cenę pieniądza, sprzyja ogólnej równowadze makroekonomicznej. Przynosi ona najlepsze efekty w krajach o relatywnie stabilnej i wysoko rozwiniętej gospodarce, ale jest także rozpowszechniona w krajach zaliczanych do rynków wschodzących.
PL
Traktat z Maastricht zobowiązał kraje Unii Europejskiej m.in. do wprowadzenia standardów, zasad oraz instrumentów Europejskiego Systemu Banków Centralnych. Oznacza to w szczególności prymat polityki pieniężnej nad polityką gospodarczą, bowiem celem nadrzędnym jest utrzymanie stabilnej siły pieniądza emitowanego przez dany bank centralny. W realizacji tej misji banki centralne stosują różne strategie. Jedną z nich jest strategia bezpośredniego celu inflacyjnego, powszechne uznawana za skuteczną metodę stabilizacji siły nabywczej waluty. Strategia ta poprzez kanał transmisji monetarnej sprzyja ogólnej równowadze makroekonomicznej. Przynosi najlepsze efekty w krajach o relatywnie stabilnych cenach i stosunkowo zamożnych, ale ma także szerokie zastosowanie w krajach zaliczanych do rynków wschodzących.
EN
The Maastricht Treaty requires, among others, that the European Union member states should implement standards, principles and instruments of the European System of Central Banks. This implies, in particular, that the monetary policy dominates over the economic policy, because the principal goal of every Central Bank is to keep the value of the issued currency stable. Different strategies can be used to achieve this goal. One such strategy concentrates directly on controlling the inflation target, which is commonly considered a very effective method of stabilizing the purchasing power of the given currency. This strategy strengthens the general macroeconomic stability via the channel of monetary transmission, which brings best results in relatively affluent countries, where prices are stable, but it can be implemented also in emerging market countries.
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