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EN
This article draws attention to the issue of translating dramatic texts in the context of contemporary translation practices and to its essential role in the construction of the international cultural community. The status of the theater translator and specific linguistic or cultural problems are investigated based on the example of Polish translations of contemporary Russian playwright Yevgeni Grishkovetz’s work. The collaboration between the translator and the theatre is described as well as the factors affecting the final shape of the stage text and the difficulties involved in translating the works of the aforementioned author. An attempt is also made to examine the thin line between translation and adaptation. The analyzed material suggests that, rather than opting for the philological fidelity to the original, the translators desired to ensure the playwright’s works a “timeless” life on stage historically and artistically.
EN
The article is dedicated to modern Russian playwrights – Alexander Stroganov and Klim (real name Vladimir Klimenko), who mostly worked in monodrama genre. The article analyses comedy Anglers by the grace of God (Udilschiki Boj’ey Milost’u) by Alexander Stroganov and play I…she… not I and I (Ya…ona…ne ya i ya) by Klim.
ES
En el presente artículo seguimos, con base en los conceptos de M.Bajtín, algunas manifestaciones del dialogismo en dos monodramas de Eduardo Pavlovsky: "Potestad" (1985) y "La muerte de Marguerite Duras" (2000). Con este propósito intentamos responder cuáles son las relaciones entre dicho fenómeno y el monólogo en cuanto forma de enunciación dramática. Pese a algunas objeciones críticas, argumentamos que el monólogo puede ser vehículo de la acción dramática. En "Potestad" el monólogo resulta ser un medio idóneo para la representación del conflicto interior del personaje que se balancea al borde del trastorno disociativo siendo a la vez víctima y perseguidor, lo cual supone la coexistencia inconsciente de dos voces y dos visiones opuestas, encerradas en el mismo protagonista. Exploramos asimismo otras técnicas psicodramáticas (la falsa identificación, la actuación corporal y la silla vacía) que contribuyen a la caracterización del sujeto dramático en cuanto personaje ambiguo y polifónico. Consideramos que "La muerte de Marguerite Duras" es, por su parte, una obra dialógica por excelencia, no solo debido a la acumulación de elementos inter e intratextuales, sino también por su carácter de monólogo fragmentado, en que se evocan sucesos supuestamente pertenecientes a la historia del individuo. Otra lectura posible es sin embargo la que prefiere ver en estos “balbuceos” del protagonista una invasión de voces e ideologías ajenas de problemático estatus identidario lo cual podría ser una atractiva versión artística del hombre posmoderno.
EN
Five questions on the character within the STAND UP COMEDY convention – based on the following shows: Sex, drugs and rock’n’roll, and Head-hammering nails into the floor The author presents the circumstances related to role construction, which can be formulated in the following questions: who, when, where, why, what for and how. The author utilizes the technique of five questions created by Konstanty Stanisławski to develop his own method designed for the STAND UP COMEDY convention. He analyses various theatre roles, taking into account time and space, as well as the other characters’ motives for action.
EN
The monodrama Ein Gespräch im Hause Stein über den abwesenden Herrn von Goethe is a multidimensional literary experiment in the post-war German playwriting history. Written in 1974, the play was first published by the East German publishing house Aufbau (1976), and to this day, it remains the most recognizable literary work of Peter Hacks, who was born in Breslau (1928-2003). The drama belongs to the middle phase of the work of an author, who, along with Heiner Müller, is considered one of GDR’s greatest playwright. Hacks confronted the figure and work of Goethe many times in both his literary texts and essays on the poetics of drama. Ein Gespräch in Hause Stein… had its theater premiere in 1976 in Staatsschauspiel Dresden and since then has been played on over 200 stages of the German-speaking region and in more than twenty other countries. The Polish premiere of the play, translated by Zbigniew Krawczykowski, took place in 1978 at the Ateneum Theater in Warsaw, where it was directed by Aleksandra Śląska. A year later, the Czechoslovak premiere took place on the Prague stage Divadlo on Vinohradech with Iva Janžurova starring as Charlotte. The play’s plot takes place in October 1786 at the home of Charlotte von Stein and her husband, Josias. Divided into five acts, the drama maintains the Aristotelian principle of three unities. Alongside these classical tragedy similarities. Hacks uses Brecht's technique of distancing (V-Effekt), which modifies the theatre's basic aesthetic assumptions. The paper aims to analyze the modifications in the structure of Hacks’s dramatic text, taking into account the postulate of socialist classics and the literary typology of metadrama (Vieweg-Marks 1989). The analysis is intended to answer the question suggested in the title: namely, how Peter Hacks’s play presents and dramatizes the love of Charlotte von Stein and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe almost 200 years later. As such, this paper is a continuation of the latest research on Ein Gespräch im Hause Stein... conducted in the tradition of German and Czech German Studies.
PL
In this paper the main features of modern monodramа with the help of “system-subjective” method of research are overviewed. This method refers to the fore mono-subjective organization оf monodrama through the implementation of the external shared consciousness of a single entity action. It is noted that the loss of integrity monodrama for consciousness is linked to an internal confl ict I / I-Other, where I-Other object is to study the character. Subject of the action in this genre embodies and articulates one individual consciousness, consciousness corresponds to one subject, several characters can display images of their divided consciousness.. Lyric monodrama demonstrates the implementation of principles through the explicit manifestation of epic principles through the implicit expression of the author’s mind. The internal dialectical contradiction lies at the heart of the genre – the only divided consciousness character and attraction to epic / lyrical – cause the modification and transformation of modern monodrama.
EN
The text analyses the role of poems in the structure of Jan Kurowicki’s monodrama Pan Kepler raczy umierać [Mr Kepler Deigns to Be Dying]. It inspires reflection on the way the read manifests in the written. The category of silva is related to the intellectual profile of the author. Pan Kepler raczy umierać is presented as a turning point in Jan Kurowicki’s literary career. It also indicates how the monodrama interrelates with different areas of the author’s creative output.
PL
Tekst analizuje rolę wierszy w budowie monodramu Jana Kurowickiego Pan Kepler raczy umierać. Stanowi inspirację do refleksji nad sposobem, w jaki przeczytane przejawia się w napisanym. Próbuje odnieść kategorię sylwiczności do sylwetki intelektualnej twórcy. Pokazuje Pana Keplera raczącego umierać jako punkt zwrotny w twórczości Jana Kurowickiego. Podejmuje trud określenia interferencji tego monodramu z różnymi polami aktywności twórczej autora.
EN
The paper presents a study of the nature of the experiencing expression in monodramas by E. Grishkovets. This analysis is based on the idea of the human consciousness layering and the hierarchical principle of the organization of “mental spaces” in it, which was considered by F. E. Vasilyuk in relation to experiencing and its expression. The ideas about the work of experiencing as a movement between different life worlds, which are reflected in the monodramas by Grishkovets, are studied in the paper as a feature of the writer’s idiostyle. The narrator of the one-man theatrical shows is considered as a literary hero of the “New Sincerity” era, which replaced the period of postmodern literature. The article traces the features of the experiencing expression in the monodramas by Grishkovets, the associative nature of the author’s consciousness slipping into other life worlds, and the ways of creating (virtualizing) these life worlds.
PL
Zakres problematyki przedstawionej w artykule wyznacza twórczość dramaturgiczna Adolfa Dygasińskiego. Pozytywistyczny pisarz jest autorem czterech utworów scenicznych. Dzieła powstały w latach 1891-1894, wszystkie doczekały się realizacji scenicznych – w teatrach „ogródkowych” i repertuarowych. Badaczka koncentruje uwagę na konwencjonalnych wyznacznikach poetyki dramatów Dygasińskiego, związkach utworów z dramatem Aleksandra Ładnowskiego, a na tym tle prezentuje nowoczesny charakter monodramu Rogieluk – przykład dramatu statycznego, w którym nieruchomość organizuje tzw. intymną sztukę duszy. Zasada intymizacji dramatu wyzyskuje pozawerbalne środki wyrazu: mowę ciała i ruch postaci oraz milczenie – grę niemą, skorelowaną z ograniczeniami psychomotorycznymi bohatera.
EN
The scope of the problems presented in this article is determined by the dramatic works of Adolf Dygasiński. The positivist writer is the author of four stage plays, created in the years 1891-1894, all of which were staged – in “open-air” and repertory theatres. The author focuses on the conventional determinants of the poetics of Dygasiński’s dramas, the relationship of his works to Aleksander Ładnowski’s drama, and on this background she presents the modern character of the monodrama Rogieluk – an example of a static drama in which the lack of motion organises the so-called intimate art of the soul. The principle of intimacy of the drama exploits non-verbal means of expression: body language and the movement of characters, as well as silence – silent acting, correlated with the hero’s psychomotor limitations.
EN
The article describes the undertaken semiotic analysis of space in elegy II 26a of Properius both at the level of textual events (narrative) and at the level of poem composition. Referring to the Propertian inspiration by visual arts (M. Hubbard), the author uses the concept of an ekphrastic technique of space composition to show the function of the “border” motif in a liminal and transgressive space model as well as interpersonal relations. In result the author concludes that the above-mentioned levels of poetic images and the composition of the text are connected by a transgressive figure of the subject, able to cross the boundary created between the “story of a dream” and the narrator–reader (or listener) relationship. This leads to the argument that elegy II 26a is a form of monodrama with the central figure of the subject–actor, who, like a angellos in the drama, simultaneously operates in the “stage” space of the narrator–recipient relation and the space of textual fiction.
PL
W artykule została podjęta semiotyczna analiza przestrzeni w elegii II 26a Propercjusza na poziomie wydarzeń tekstowych (narracyjność) oraz na poziomie kompozycji utworu. Odwołując się do malarskich inspiracji poety (M. Hubbard), autor posługuje się koncepcją ekfrastycznej techniki kompozycji przestrzeni do ukazania funkcji motywu „granicy” tak w liminalnym i transgresyjnym modelu przestrzeni, jak i relacjach interpersonalnych. Ostatecznie autor konkluduje, że powyższe poziomy obrazów poetyckich i kompozycji tekstu łączy transgresyjna postać podmiotu, zdolnego do przekraczania wykreowanej w strukturze tekstu granicy między „opowieścią o śnie” a relacją narrator–odbiorca. Prowadzi to do postawienia tezy, że elegia II 26a jest formą monodramu z centralną postacią podmiotu–aktora, który niczym postać angellosa w dramacie, funkcjonuje jednocześnie w „scenicznej” przestrzeni relacji narrator–odbiorca i fabularnej przestrzeni opowieści.
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