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On types of responsiveness in the theory of voting

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HOLLER M. J., NURMI H.
Operations Research and Decisions
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2016
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vol. 26
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issue 2
87-106
EN
In mathematics, monotonicity is used to denote the nature of the connection between variables. Hence for example, a variable is said to be a monotonically increasing function of another variable if an increase in the value of the latter is always associated with an increase in the other variable. In the theory of voting and the measurement of a priori voting power one encounters, not one, but several concepts that are closely related to the mathematical notion of monotonicity. We deal with such notions focusing particularly on their role in capturing key aspects of plausible opinion aggregation. Further, we outline approaches to analyzing the relationship of opinion aggregation and voting power and thereby contribute to our understanding of major components that determine the outcome of voting.
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The Inference Pattern Mou in Mohist Logic: A Monotonicity Reasoning View

51%
Sun Z., Liu F.
Roczniki Filozoficzne
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 4
257-270
EN
Taking the standpoint of monotonicity reasoning, this paper provides a systematic way of looking at the inference pattern mou in the Mohist text. We have taken a logical, as well as a linguistic perspective, emphasizing features of classical Chinese, the role of context, and making use of any possible clues that we can find from the old text. By applying monotonicity rules we provide a uniform account of why shi er ran examples are valid inferences, and shi er buran examples are counter-examples.
PL
Schemat wnioskowania mou w logice mohistycznej Biorąc za punkt wyjścia monotoniczność rozumowania, artykuł przedstawia systematyczny sposób interpretacji schematu wnioskowania mou w tekstach mohistycznych. Wzięliśmy pod uwagę zarówno perspektywę logiczną. jak i lingwistyczną, zwracając szczególną uwagę na specyfikę klasycznego języka chińskiego, rolę kontekstu i uwzględniając wszelkie możliwe wskazówki pochodzące ze źródłowych tekstów. Poprzez zastosowania reguł monotoniczności sformułowaliśmy jednolitą odpowiedź na pytanie, dlaczego shi er ran są uznawane za rozumowania poprawne, a shi er buran przeciwnie - uznawane są za kontrprzykłady.
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