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EN
The article concerns a new educational theory based on the idea of animal rights. It was presented and developed by the American ethicist Tom Regan, which drifted its axiological base and was the initiator of socio-educational movement called Animal Rights Movement, to which joined other ethicists, educators, layers, veterinarians, and even theologians. The article contains analysis of Tom Regan's views on the issue of moral status of non-human beings, and consists of two parts. The first part concerns the criticism of ethical theories based on the idea of direct and indirect moral duties to animals. In the second part are discussed the main concepts and principles of a new way of thinking such as: inherent value, a subject of a life criterion, the respect principle and its derivatives.
2
87%
Forum Philosophicum
|
2008
|
vol. 13
|
issue 1
17-29
EN
Modern philosophers normally either reject the „divine command theory” of ethics and argue that moral duties are independent of any commands, or make it dependent on God's commands but like Robert Adams modify their theory and identify moral duties in terms of the commands of a loving God. Adams regards this theory as metaphysically necessary. That is, if it is true, it is true in all possible worlds. But Swinburne's (1981) position is unprecedented insofar as he regards moral truths as analytically necessary. In this paper Swinburne's argument will be discussed and I will reveal some of the difficulties involved in categorising general moral principles (if there are such principles) as logical (analytical/necessary) truths.
Logos i Ethos
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2021
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vol. 58
|
issue 2
55-69
EN
The article addresses the issue of the usage of the idea of human rights in contemporary disputes on the rights of sexual minorities. In the first part, the philosophical foundations on which the idea of human rights is based are recalled. The connection between rights of human being and his moral duties is underlined. The second part analyzes the content and message contained in the Resolution of the European Parliament on declaring the EU a zone of freedom for LGBTIQ persons of 11.03.2021. In the author’s opinion, this document may be an example of instrumental use of the idea of human rights, which threatens to undermine the position of this peculiar “monument,” which plays an extremely important role in European and world culture and political practice.
PL
W artykule podjęta zostaje kwestia wykorzystania idei praw człowieka we współczesnych sporach na temat praw mniejszości seksualnych. W pierwszej części zostają przypomniane filozoficzne fundamenty, na których zasadza się idea praw człowieka. Podkreślony jest związek pomiędzy prawami jednostki a moralnymi obowiązkami. W części drugiej analizowane są treści i przesłanie, które zawiera w sobie Rezolucja Parlamentu Europejskiego w sprawie ogłoszenia UE strefą wolności osób LGBTIQ z 11 marca 2021 roku. W ocenie autora dokument ten może stanowić przykład instrumentalnego wykorzystania idei praw człowieka, co grodzi zachwianiem pozycji tego swoistego „monumentu”, który w europejskiej i światowej kulturze oraz praktyce politycznej odgrywa niezwykle istotną rolę.
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