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1

Morálne usudzovanie v kontexte vybraných psychologických metód

100%

Lajčiaková P.

Psychologie a její kontexty

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2012

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vol. 3

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issue 1

71-84

EN

The study refers to the multidimensional construct of moral reasoning, which belongs to the category of psychological concepts that are not clearly defined. This ambivalence is reflected in psychological methods designed to measure moral reasoning. The aim of the study is to provide an overview of selected psychological methods (MJI, DIT, MOS, MJT, PROM, MS), which are means for measuring of moral reasoning. Special emphasis is given to the individual components of moral reasoning, which can be quantified, namely the level of development of moral reasoning (MJI), the degree of social perspective adoption (DIT), moral competence (MJT), moral orientation (MS, MOS), prosocial moral reasoning (PROM ). Presented psychological methods emphasize the form of moral reasoning, however in further research of morality in psychology emerge new direction - focus on the content of moral reasoning.

2

Moral Competence and Moral Orientation in Robots

75%

Schmiljun A.

Ethics in Progress

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2019

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vol. 10

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issue 2

98-111

EN

Two major strategies (the top-down and bottom-up strategies) are currently discussed in robot ethics for moral integration. I will argue that both strategies are not sufficient. Instead, I agree with Bertram F. Malle and Matthias Scheutz that robots need to be equipped with moral competence if we don’t want them to be a potential risk in society, causing harm, social problems or conflicts. However, I claim that we should not define moral competence merely as a result of different “elements” or “components” we can randomly change. My suggestion is to follow Georg Lind’s dual aspect dual layer theory of moral self that provides a broader perspective and another vocabulary for the discussion in robot ethics. According to Lind, moral competence is only one aspect of moral behavior that we cannot separate from its second aspect: moral orientation. As a result, the thesis of this paper is that integrating morality into robots has to include moral orientation and moral competence.

3

Religious Education and Moral Development: The influence of a religious childhood on moral orientation and competence

63%

Akin A.

Ethics in Progress

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2018

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vol. 9

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issue 2

27-43

EN

The previous moral psychological research on educational institutions highlighted the influence on the development of moral orientation and competence. With the help of the present quantitative study, the influence of early childhood education on moral abilities has been explored. Since the moral education of children is often associated with religious norms and values, and religions are debated in relation to their general meaning and functionality, the religious moral education has been investigated. Therefore, students of various disciplines from Berlin were asked about their religious education in their early childhood and were examined on their current moral orientation and competence. The Moral-Competence-Test by Lind and a self-constructed and piloted questionnaire for the examination of religious education and religiosity have been used for the measurement. The results of the online study have shown that the moral skills of dogmatically educated students are significantly reduced, but not related to the differences in educational experience or the current preservation of religiousness.

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2 Ethics in Progress

1 Psychologie a její kontexty

1 Akin A.

1 Lajčiaková P.

1 Schmiljun A.

1 2019

1 2018

1 2012

Morálne usudzovanie v kontexte vybraných psychologických metód

Moral Competence and Moral Orientation in Robots

Religious Education and Moral Development: The influence of a religious childhood on moral orientation and competence