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Problemy komunikacyjne Płocka w pierwszej połowie XX wieku. Potrzeby, pomysły, plany, realizacje

100%
Gryszpanowicz P.
Notatki Płockie. Kwartalnik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego
|
2017
|
issue 2(251)
9-17
EN
Płock in the first half of the 20th century on the one hand was a city suffering from a number of transportation problems but on the other hand it was an enormous building site as well. The main transport investments of that time were: construction of a road and railway bridge with access roads and construction of a railway connection. The implementation of these costly investments with simultaneous lack of funds in the state treasury resulted in abandonment of construction of several flies-over, but first and foremost a railway bridge near Ciechomice. Płock residents today still may only complain about the lack of the above mentioned facilities but also other smaller ones, which were earlier scheduled to be erected.
PL
Płock w pierwszej połowie XX wieku to z jednej strony miasto borykające się z wieloma problemami komunikacyjnymi, ale to również wielki plac budowy. Główne inwestycje komunikacyjne tego okresu to: budowa mostu drogowo-kolejowego wraz z dojazdami oraz budowa połączenia kolejowego. Realizacja kosztownych inwestycji przy jednoczesnym braku pieniędzy w kasie Państwa wymuszała podejmowanie często bardzo trudnych decyzji, których skutki mieszkańcy Płocka odczuwają do dziś.
2
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Zastosowanie metod akustycznych i magnetycznych w poszukiwaniu obiektów archeologicznych na przykładzie jeziora Lednica

38%
Pydyn A., Hac B., Popek M.
Studia Lednickie
|
2019
|
vol. 18
179-193
EN
Noninvasive surveys and prospections are a new dynamic trend in contemporary archaeology. They represent a trend of multidisciplinary analyses of cultural heritage. Due to limited access to technology, these methods are still not widely used in underwater archaeology, in particular in inland reservoirs. For this reason a team from the Department of Underwater Archaeology of the Institute of Archaeology at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń in cooperation with the Maritime Institute in Gdańsk, the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica and the Scientific Association of Polish Archaeologists (Warsaw branch), planned and completed a project Kolebka Piastów — archeologiczne prospekcje podwodne w rejonie jeziora Lednickiego in 2017. The project was financed by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage under the following programme: Cultural heritage, priority: The protection of archaeological monuments. In the course of the project a multibeam probe, a subbottom profiler and a magnetometer were used to conduct surveys. If the conditions and assumptions of the project allowed, a direct underwater verification was conducted. Due to multibeam sonar it is possible to obtain a reliable spatial picture of a lake bottom in high resolution, e.g. 100 or more measurement points for each m2 of the bottom, which enables one to conduct a detailed overview of a surface of the research area and objects lying on it. This method turned out to be the most effective during verification and resulted in the localization of a new medieval bridge in Lednica lake. Using a subbottom sediment profiler is at the moment the only noninvasive method of searching for non-magnetic objects sunk into the bottom. After applying it on a recognized object, such as the Poznań bridge, and after receiving the positive results, it may be assumed — with high probability — that this technology will succeed in the search for other wooden archaeological structures located in subbottom sediments. Magnetometric measurements are the next technology which was used in the researched reservoir. They are indispensable when noninvasive large scale searches of metal objects with magnetic signatures are conducted e.g. the objects made of iron or steel. In the area of Lednica lake several objects with a magnetic signature were localized. In the course of research in Lednica, three types of noninvasive prospections were applied: hydroacoustics (a multibeam probe), seismology (subbottom sediment profiler) and magnetics (Caesium magnetometer). Each of these methods helps to localize other objects and gives very interesting results; however, only after all three have been used is it possible to obtain a precise picture of the bottom of the lake together with anomalies, which to a large extent can have anthropogenic origins. It seems that the future of underwater archaeology is closely related to the described noninvasive surveys. Unfortunately it will be more difficult to achieve in shallow inland reservoirs than in sea waters, where these technologies have already been introduced for some time now.
3
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Berlin – soczewka współczesnej Europy. Uwagi na marginesie książki Ewy Wanat Deutsche nasz. Reportaże berlińskie

32%
Sukiennik M.
Tematy i Konteksty
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2019
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vol. 14
|
issue 9
431-443
EN
Berlin and the city’s inhabitants are the characters of Wanat’s reportage. The book is a collection of  talks and evidence record of meetings with particular people. Every Berliner has their own story.  While presenting the stories, the author spotlights the complexity of the city.The capital city, like any other metropolis, is a medley of various cultures and behaviours. The city reflects the borderline of the features which both unite  and divide the society and endanger their peaceful coexistence. The border areas are particularly exposed to conflicts. For onlookers, Berlin seems to be a coherent mosaic. However, it is drastically divided. This incoherence is shown in varied characters of the districts, it is reflected in language, too. Resentments, stereotypes and generalisations add to this discrepancy. A peaceful coexistence in such a cosmopolitan hybrid city requires building an agora and bridges. They create the background to begin a dialogue. Liberal democracy helps to introduce socio-cultural structures, as well as mental patterns of perception. This prevents antagonisms in society. A lesson of tolerance averts hostility and others are not treated as if they were strangers. Learning an appropriate attitude towards the dissimilar takes a long time, and the challenge must be repeatedly undertaken if society is to remain united. Analysing such a big city as Berlin, Ewa Wanat illustrates complex problems of contemporary Europe.
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