Search results - CEJSH

1

Intersekcionalita útlaku u matek bez domova z azylových domů

100%

Glumbíková K., Gřundělová B., Gojová A.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

|

2018

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vol. 19

|

issue 2

163-181

EN

This paper deals with how the intersectionality of oppression manifests in narratives of single mothers with experience residing in a homeless shelter. Oppression is of a structural nature and single mothers from homeless shelters encounter it in various forms and on various levels. Using a qualitative research strategy, in particular a participatory approach, it has been found that oppression is ever-present in the narratives of homeless mothers, and that their living experience can only be understood through the intermingling and intersecting of different forms of oppression, such as gender, motherhood, lone- parent families, andthe interrelated poor socio-economic situations, ethnicity, and homelessness. This intersecting of different forms of oppression leads to disabled identities, that resulting in segregation, marginaliszation, or social exclusion.

2

Krótka historia macierzyństwa w ujęciu feministycznym

100%

Wodzik J.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

|

2011

|

issue 16

91-104

EN

Feminist thought of motherhood begins with First Wave, when thinkers were convinced of naturalistic point of view according to which women are predestined to be a mother (M. Wollstonecraft, J. S. Mill, H. Taylor). Women’s liberation was put down for a while by given them vote rights. The next wave of women’s liberation came back after II World War. Denaturalization of motherhood starts with Simone de Beauvoir’s Second Sex where she presents an analysis of mother stereotypes and social processes of promoting specific motherhood-mode, which works for the patriarchal culture. She does not treat motherhood and child rearing as something natural for every woman. Beauvoir’s critics set up a debate about the possibility of non-patriarchal motherhood where being a mother is independent from patriarchal order, as ground for woman’s identity. S. Macintyre postulates division off motherhood and marriage, which is opposite to traditional sociology paradigm. A. Rich creates a definition of motherhood institution so different from intimate experience of mother, she gives mothers voice to speak about motherhood. N. Chodorow suggests non-patriarchal rule of „double parenting”, which is to reduce differences between sexes. E. Badinter proves that maternal instinct does not exist (in biological way), but it is the social construct exploited by patriarchal system. Works of Beauvoir, Macintyre, Rich, Firestone, Chodorow, Badinter exemplify the slow process of denaturalization of motherhood in feminist thought.

3

Child raising: the perspective of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders

100%

Otapowicz D.

Przegląd Pedagogiczny

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2021

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issue 1

310-328

EN

Parenting a child affected by a disorder with vast consequences for functioning such as autism undoubtedly modifies the family’s situation and broadens the scope and essence of parents’ responsibility. Daily experiences connected with facing new, previously unknown, problems are not an easy challenge. On the other hand, they constantly enrich mothers’ awareness related to parenting. The aim of the research was to learn the significant problems, feelings, opinions and reflections arising from the experiences of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. The research material was collected through free-form interviews with 20 mothers raising autistic children. The analysis of the collected empirical material shows that mothers construct various concepts of parenting, including their own roles and everyday relations with the children. Their early reactions reveal the collapse of the previous vision of parenting and the loss of the real perspective concerning the perception of the child and their own role in child raising. Everyday parenting experiences – full of unique difficulties with building relationships with the children – allow the mothers to constructively seek individual solutions and patterns of coexistence.

4

Konstruowanie macierzyństwa jako kwestii społecznej na przykładzie dyskursów polskiej sfery publicznej

100%

Krzyżanowska N.

Kultura i Edukacja

|

2014

|

issue 4(104)

142-165

EN

The article highlights the relationship between transformation of the gender contract and the evolving social perceptions of motherhood in contemporary Poland. As it is assumed in line with my paper’s empirical analysis, motherhood is one of social nodal points as well as a constitutive point for women’s experience. However, the change to the ways in which motherhood is socially constructed in contemporary public and private spheres reflects the on-going transformations of the public and the private realm. Within the former and the latter, new conceptions of gender contract are being constantly proposed and are negotiated. By the same token, motherhood gradually moves from within its nature-driven and strictly private conceptualisation to becoming a social construct re/formulated in contemporary Polish public sphere. Within that process, both proponents and, especially, opponents of women empowerment voice their concerns.

5

Přechod k mateřství – plány versus realita týkající se pracovních životů vysokoškolsky vzdělaných žen

100%

Nešporová O.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 2

73-84

EN

The article provides a detailed insight into a critical stage in the life course of young women. It focuses on the transition to first-time motherhood among women with tertiary education in heterosexual dual-earner couples in the Czech Republic. The plans of pregnant women regarding their working lives following the birth of their first child are compared with the subsequent realities of their lives (the first eighteen months of their motherhood). The study is based on longitudinal qualitative research conducted between 2011 and 2014. The research revealed that pregnant women did not consider motherhood and paid work as contradictory and that most of them anticipated working before their child´s third birthday. Due to the reality of motherhood and the chances of combining childcare and work, a number of the women in the sample changed their plans, did not return to work once their children reached eighteen months of age and did not expect to return to work in the near future. The lack of available non-maternal childcare or the unwillingness to take advantage of it were found to be the key factors in their decision not to work, coupled with a shortage of part-time work and flexible working arrangements (working hours and place of work). Conversely, the offer of flexible working conditions, the prospect of good financial rewards and a positive relationship between the woman and her work constituted the key reasons for women to return to work during the first eighteen months of their child’s age. With regard to the fulfilment of their plans, structural conditions and constraints were identified as being of greater importance than personal preferences.

6

Macierzyństwo jako płaszczyzna permanentnego rozwoju kobiety w biegu życia

100%

Mądry M.

Psychologia Rozwojowa

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2012

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vol. 17

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issue 3

9-21

EN

Making a commitment to be a mother and fulfi lling this role is a long-term process, which consists of different quality stages. One can notice an analogy between the stages of being a mother and the course of nature. This similarity concerns the outline of development: birth, adolescence, maturation, and twilight of one’s life. Like each subsequent season of the year, each stage puts new evolutionary tasks on the woman and their successful accomplishment leads to her acquisition of important skills and characteristics. The beginning of each stage of the role of a mother is marked by a change in the growth and functioning of a child.

7

Depresyjne zaburzenia nastroju u kobiet po narodzinach dziecka

100%

Kossakowska-Petrycka K., Walęcka-Matyja K., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2007

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vol. 11

EN

This article focuses on depressive mood disorders that affect women after delivery. The paper presents diagnostic criteria of three types of depressive mood disorders, characteristic to this circumstances and multifactorial etiology. This information take notice of necessity for further research because of impact postpartum disorders on mother-child relationship and correct child development.

8

Narrative identity: Voices of motherhood: feminism, motherhood and narrative identity Motherhood

100%

Bokiniec M.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2016

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vol. 17(2)

149-164

EN

Motherhood is one of the most crucial aspects of female identity. It is more or less anubiquitous issue in any discussion focusing on women or feminism, and translates intoall every conceivable area of women’s lives whether physiological (the body is being transformed),practical or philosophical. In this essay, I am going to concentrate upon the relationswhich exist between motherhood, narration and identity within the context ofphilosophy and feminism, while focusing on specific issues such as the body, autonomyand patriarchy. I will refer to various classical thinkers and their writings on motherhood,such as Simone de Beauvoir or Adrienne Rich.I have used the framework set out by Rich who clearly highlights the distinctions betweenmotherhood as an institution and experience, and my focus was on the way “themasks of motherhood are cracking through” and women’s narratives organized aroundmotherhood proliferate. It seems that the need to express and share their experience ina narrative form (literary, personal, essayistic) is appropriated as a means that will helpsolve the social and structural issues at the level of biography. Autobiographical narrationalso becomes a form of projecting one’s life and work through the kinds of changes womenface when becoming a mother, such as self-enhancing knowledge, and through the constructionof a new identity. I identified three areas of women’s narrative activities whichcontribute to the creation of “a collective description of the world which will be trulyours” as proclaimed by Adrienne Rich. The first area includes numerous literary narrationsby professional writers and thinkers. The second is composed from the blogosphereand popular narrations. The third includes the growing body of scholarship, philosophieswritten “in different voices”, extensive research projects, collections of essays, however,this area has not been discussed in my essay, since its focus was on personal, literary andpopular narratives.

9

Mothers’ Satisfaction with Childcare Services

100%

Ruźniak-Lubocka A., Sawicki A.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

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2021

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vol. 24

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issue 1

85-103

EN

Choosing the right childcare service for one’s child to compensate for parents’ professional working time is a significantly important decision for a mother. The study aimed to analyze whether parental styles are predictors of satisfaction with childcare services among mothers. This link was tested on a sample that consisted of 200 adult women (Mage = 32.39 years; SDage = 4.47) who were mothers of children aged 18 to 36 months. The results indicated that accepting and autonomous parenting styles were related to higher satisfaction with childcare services. In contrast, excessively demanding, protective, and inconsistent parenting styles were related to lower satisfaction with childcare services. However, given the intercorrelations between parenting styles, we found that two of them sufficiently predicted satisfaction with childcare services: acceptance (positively) and overly protective style (negatively).

10

Terror laktacyjny w przestrzeni wirtualnej

100%

Marcinkiewicz A.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

|

2014

|

vol. 5

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issue 1

119-134

EN

The aim of paper is to show problem of putting social pressure on mothers to breastfeeding. The internet forum about terror lactation was analyzed. In research used qualitative analyses of context. The results of study had shown the ratio of mothers to breastfeed, forms of pressure on mothers and social groups which put this pressure. It was shown stereotypes which exist in virtual space about women and breastfeeding.

11

Macierzyństwo po rozwodzie. Szanse i zagrożenia

100%

Piotrowska M.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

|

2014

|

vol. 5

|

issue 1

157-170

EN

Results of social change which can be seen in the area of family life, especially include crisis of the institution of marriage, redefinition of parent's roles in the parenthood or monoparenthood. The role of the mother is socially important and appreciated. In the academic discourse on the contemporary motherhood, a category of single mother or independent mother appears increasingly. Monoparental family, like the ones in which the spouses got divorced, are becoming more visible form of the family life in the contemporary societies. The article discusses the issue of different faces of motherhood, especially lonely motherhood after the divorce when the family structure is completely changed.

12

Tożsamość narracyjna: Voices of motherhood: feminism, motherhood and narrative identity Motherhood

100%

Bokiniec M.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

|

2016

|

vol. 17(2)

149-164

PL

Motherhood is one of the most crucial aspects of female identity. It is more or less anubiquitous issue in any discussion focusing on women or feminism, and translates intoall every conceivable area of women’s lives whether physiological (the body is being transformed),practical or philosophical. In this essay, I am going to concentrate upon the relationswhich exist between motherhood, narration and identity within the context ofphilosophy and feminism, while focusing on specific issues such as the body, autonomyand patriarchy. I will refer to various classical thinkers and their writings on motherhood,such as Simone de Beauvoir or Adrienne Rich.I have used the framework set out by Rich who clearly highlights the distinctions betweenmotherhood as an institution and experience, and my focus was on the way “themasks of motherhood are cracking through” and women’s narratives organized aroundmotherhood proliferate. It seems that the need to express and share their experience ina narrative form (literary, personal, essayistic) is appropriated as a means that will helpsolve the social and structural issues at the level of biography. Autobiographical narrationalso becomes a form of projecting one’s life and work through the kinds of changes womenface when becoming a mother, such as self-enhancing knowledge, and through the constructionof a new identity. I identified three areas of women’s narrative activities whichcontribute to the creation of “a collective description of the world which will be trulyours” as proclaimed by Adrienne Rich. The first area includes numerous literary narrationsby professional writers and thinkers. The second is composed from the blogosphereand popular narrations. The third includes the growing body of scholarship, philosophieswritten “in different voices”, extensive research projects, collections of essays, however,this area has not been discussed in my essay, since its focus was on personal, literary andpopular narratives.

13

Krótka historia macierzyństwa w ujęciu feministycznym

100%

Wodzik J.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

|

2011

|

issue 16

91 -104

PL

Feminist thought of motherhood begins with First Wave, when thinkers were convinced of naturalistic point of view according to which women are predestined to be a mother (M. Wollstonecraft, J. S. Mill, H. Taylor). Women’s liberation was put down for a while by given them vote rights. The next wave of women’s liberation came back after II World War. Denaturalization of motherhood starts with Simone de Beauvoir’s Second Sex where she presents an analysis of mother stereotypes and social processes of promoting specific motherhood-mode, which works for the patriarchal culture. She does not treat motherhood and child rearing as something natural for every woman. Beauvoir’s critics set up a debate about the possibility of non-patriarchal motherhood where being a mother is independent from patriarchal order, as ground for woman’s identity. S. Macintyre postulates division off motherhood and marriage, which is opposite to traditional sociology paradigm. A. Rich creates a definition of motherhood institution so different from intimate experience of mother, she gives mothers voice to speak about motherhood. N. Chodorow suggests non-patriarchal rule of „double parenting”, which is to reduce differences between sexes. E. Badinter proves that maternal instinct does not exist (in biological way), but it is the social construct exploited by patriarchal system. Works of Beauvoir, Macintyre, Rich, Firestone, Chodorow, Badinter exemplify the slow process of denaturalization of motherhood in feminist thought.

14

Stałość i zmienność wybranych kontekstów macierzyństwa w narracjach matek wychowujących dziecko z niepełosprawnością

100%

Pańków W., Rak A.

|

2017

|

vol. XVI

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issue (2/2017)

243-256

EN

In general, motherhood is subject to a positive social valuation. However, there are exceptions here – one of them is fulfilling the role of a mother of the child with disability. The aim of the conducted study was to answer the question: What similarities and differences exist in the role of a mother of a disabled child over the lifetime of women taking part in the research? A technique of an open, in-depth interview was used. Four mothers, who are raising a child with disability, participated in the study. The analysis of collected research material allows capturing positive changes taking place in the fulfilment of the role of a disabled child’s mother. Today the time of diagnosing the intellectual disability has significantly shortened. Younger women can count on the partners’ support; older ones – did not receive such help. Currently the availability of support has increased from non-governmental organisations; in the past there was a lack of foundations or associations. However, there are aspects of motherhood, which, despite the passing years, are permanent. These include fear and sadness of a mother originating from hearing the news about the child’s disability, difficulties encountered while performing the mother’s role, which arise from the nature of disability, and the sense of insufficient assistance from the state authorities.

PL

Macierzyństwo z reguły podlega pozytywnemu wartościowaniu społecznemu. Choć występują tu wyjątki – jednym z nich jest pełnienie roli matki dziecka z niepełnosprawnością. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie: Jakie stałe i zmienne elementy występują w macierzyństwie kobiet wychowujących dziecko z niepełnosprawnością na przestrzeni życia badanych matek? Wykorzystano technikę wywiadu otwartego, pogłębionego. W badaniu wzięły udział cztery matki, wychowujące dziecko z niepełnosprawnością. Analiza zebranego materiału badawczego pozwala uchwycić pozytywne zmiany dokonujące się w pełnieniu roli matki dziecka z niepełnosprawnością. Współcześnie czas diagnozowania niepełnosprawności intelektualnej znacząco się skrócił. Młodsze kobiety mogą liczyć na wsparcie partnerów, starsze – nie otrzymywały takiej pomocy. Zwiększyła się dostępność wsparcia ze strony organizacji pozarządowych, w przeszłości brakowało fundacji czy stowarzyszeń. Są jednak aspekty macierzyństwa, które, pomimo upływających lat, są stałe. Należą do nich strach i smutek matki na wiadomość o niepełnosprawności dziecka, trudności napotykane w pełnieniu roli matki, które wynikają ze specyfiki niepełnosprawności oraz poczucie niedostatecznej pomocy ze strony państwa.

15

Liberální matka Božena Němcová

100%

Bahenská M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2012

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vol. 99

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issue 3

307-318

EN

The preserved correspondence of Božena Němcová can be used as a source for an analysis of her attitude to her children. The letters enable us to reflect if these attitudes diverged from the conventions of the time, to what degree her personal experiences reflected in her raising of the children and what priorities she envisioned for them. The principles Němcová quoted can be to a certain degree seen as representing a clash of only slowly changing social norms (i.e. the notion of the patriarchal family with father-provider) and the rapidly changing social and economic reality. Němcová herself was forced to submit to the economic situation of her family and through her own income tried to improve its situation. As for the raising of the children, she mostly advocated traditional views. However, we can consider modern her conviction of the importance of first-rate education, without regard to gender. As for the future professions of her children, she viewed this question in a practical way, considering the possibilities for professional fulfilment and salary. There is a marked difference in the approach of Němcová to her sons and to her only daughter, influenced of course by the fact of their greater or shorter distance from home, but also probably by certain traditional and gender-stereotypical thinking. The educational style of Němcová should not be considered liberal, as she most often reminded her children of their duties, moral principles, obedience, respect and responsibility.

16

Narrare per esistere: la (in)visibilità della maternità nella letteratura italiana contemporanea

89%

Reyes Ferrer M.

Romanica Silesiana

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2020

|

vol. 17

55-68

EN

From the second half of the 20th century, the issue of women’s writing has been of considerable interest in literary studies, highlighting the need to know women as writers and as literary subjects, in order to understand female experience first-hand. This approach to written texts is based on two fundamental aspects of study: women as writers and the representation of women in the text. This has made it possible to examine how women are represented and what topics women writers prefer, for example, motherhood, a literary topos par excellence in Italian literature. Despite this, although motherhood is present in numerous works, the voices of actual mothers are largely absent: mothers and motherhood are in fact narrated from the point of view of daughters. In view of that, there are two main aims of this study: (1) to examine the possible reasons for the absence of the mother’s point of view and (2) to analyze some contemporary Italian literarature narrated by mothers themselves.

17

Jeho a její pohled: Střídavá péče z perspektivy matek a otců

88%

Vohlídalová M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

|

2014

|

vol. 15

|

issue 1

29-40

EN

The number of children in shared custody has been growing slowly in the CR. Today shared custody presents about 8 % of divorce cases with dependent children decided by courts. Despite this trend, there is a lack of research on how shared custody is practiced and experienced by Czech parents. The aim of this paper is to partially fill this gap. In the paper I ask how shared custody is related to the disruption of traditional gender ideology and performance of paternal and maternal roles and gender inequalities between partners. The analysis is based on 13 in-depth interviews with couples (mothers and fathers separately) who have shared custody. The analysis indicated that even if shared custody may be considered to be a tool for disrupting gender stereotypes and gender inequality between parents, it proved to be associated both with the confirmation and disruption of gender stereotypes associated with fatherhood and motherhood. While certain aspects of the practices and culture of shared custody are associated with “undoing gender”(especially regarding fatherhood), in other aspects it enhances and reproduces the gender power inequality between ex-partners and traditional expectations associated with parental roles.

18

Reflected Bodies: Women’s Perspectives on the Marital Experience and the Transformation of the Maternal Body. A Case Study of Middle-Class Women in Suburban Romania

88%

Butean S.

Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia

|

2015

|

vol. 6

|

issue 2

21-38

EN

Even if concepts of marriage and motherhood are subject to continuous changes and reinterpretations, women and men still marry and have children following more traditional or more unconventional patterns. My major interest in this research was to unveil Romanian middle-class women’s narratives regarding their perceptions over their own bodies and identities, by focusing my analysis on lived experiences, intimate scenes, daily practices and activities within marriage and motherhood. Qualitative empirical work was conducted in 2012 and 2015 in a post-socialist suburban neighbourhood, known as a place mostly inhabited by young, middle-class families. The analysis unfolds women’s class affinities and dispositions, their perception of the marital experience, identity and corporeal transformations, and their reflections on maternity as a transformative stage in terms of subjectivity, agency and body.

19

Caring and educative role of parents in social perception

88%

Śniegulska A.

Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze

|

2018

|

vol. 575(10)

48-55

EN

Over the last decades, very profound and multifaceted transformations of social life and customs have taken place worldwide. New global cultural trends, which have infl uenced the changes in the patterns of family life, as well as the changes in family structure have emerged. Moreover, the preferences in relation to the value of family life, educational tradition and the young people’s attitudes towards marriage and parenthood have changed. At the same time, the roles fulfi lled by parents have changed, which has its signifi cant implications visible above all in the fi eld of the tasks as well as care and educational functions fulfi lled by the family. The article discusses the problem of the perception of the caring and educational role of mother and father. It was assumed that the caring and educational role generally consists in satisfying the offspring’s basic needs, their higher needs and taking up educational activities in terms of health, moral, aesthetic and intellectual education. Thus, it is creating offspring such conditions which will allow to achieve potential development and life independence. The article is a report from research carried out by means of a survey method using the technique of a questionnaire. In the context of this research, the main research question: “What is the social perception of the caring and educational role of mother and father?”, was answered. Based on these results, it can be stated that the respondents attribute these features which are related to expressive functions to the role of a mother. They notice, however, that fathers more often spend their free time with a child, stablishing close emotional relations with a child, therefore, according to them, the fatherly role is extended to issues related to the care and upbringing of offspring.

20

Kobieta-matka w roli zawodowej. Obrazy pracujących matek w polskich i amerykańskich serialach telewizyjnych

88%

Anioł J.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

|

2014

|

vol. 5

|

issue 1

135-156

EN

From the very beginning, presence of women-mothers in the labor market have been causing a lot of controversy. The intellectual women’s work was particular condemn as an improper and disgraceful. Working women-mothers were blaming for withdrawal from the natural role: the patroness of heart. How are the conviction created by the very popular medium as a television series in the present time? Does it important that in many European countries, women represent more than half of all employees? Does it change a perception and representation the vocational role of the mothers? The aim of the article is an analysis of selected Polish and American television series for the characters working women-mothers and the way they are presented.

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