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Kouření tabáku a motivace ke změně v souvislosti s těhotenstvím

100%

Šídová M., Šťastná L.

Psychologie a její kontexty

2014

vol. 5

issue 2

47-72

Pregnancy is a period, which is an opportunity for any change due to its character and effect of the baby-to-be on its mother, including a change in smoking behaviour. A pregnant woman usually wishes that her baby is healthy and smoking is generally known, from professional and daily press, to represent a significant health risk for both a pregnant woman and her unborn baby. Pregnancy offers a motivation shift for many women, which helps them to quit smoking and continue with their abstinence during pregnancy. Pregnancy is the most opportune period and a unique chance for motivation of pregnant women to cease smoking, as most women accept health perspectives of protection of their motherhood. It was discovered that even the fact that the future baby will see its mother smoking motivated women to quit smoking. Methods. Quantitative questionnaire survey. The questionnaire consists of parts dealing with anamnesis, motivation for change of smoking behaviour and Fagerström test of nicotine addiction. The motivation part was inspired by Reasons for Quitting Scale (RFQ). Evaluation took place by means of descriptive statistics and nonparametric statistic tests. Sample. The work analyses two groups of pregnant women - electronic group (collection by means of a web form, N = 96) and clinical group (collection on the Gynaecological-birth Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, N = 40). The groups are divided into 4 subgroups according to the current smoking behaviour of the respondents. Respondents fill in a different extent of the questionnaire according to their current smoking behaviour. Results. Prevalence of smoking in pregnancy is 21 % in the electronic group and a 8 % in the clinical group. All respondents with smoking in their anamnesis made a change in their smoking behaviour related to pregnancy (ceased smoking or limited their smoking). The crucial motive for change of smoking habits in pregnancy is the health of the unborn baby. Motivation of women from various groups of smoking behaviour differs at least in the dimension of internal motivation. A half of women, who keep smoking in pregnancy, show just a little or none physical addiction to nicotine. Discussion. A high difference in prevalence between both study groups can be explained by the size of the groups, which also represents a certain limitation for the study results. The difference may also be caused by the fact that findings related to the electronic group may be burdened by the manner of their collection. A problem related to quitting smoking in pregnancy, the existence of which was confirmed, is continued abstinence after giving birth, when both the motives from the external surroundings and pregnancy-specific motives cease to apply. It might be assumed that women, who do not quit smoking in pregnancy despite its high motivation potential, will not quit smoking, as they are heavily addicted to nicotine and they are not able to quit smoking because of their physical addiction. However, study findings do not support this assumption. A half of the respondents, who did not quit smoking in pregnancy, shows just a little or none physical addiction to nicotine. In these women, the obstacles too difficult to overcome in their efforts to quit smoking are the psychosocial addiction components rather than a physical addiction to nicotine. Conclusion. All respondents with smoking in their anamnesis made a change in their smoking behaviour (ceased smoking or limited their smoking). Therefore, pregnancy really is a period with a strong motivation potential for change of smoking habits of a woman - a mother to be.

On the Effectiveness of the Solution-Focused Approach and Coaching in the Work of Social Services

63%

Szpunar M.

Labor et Educatio

2021

issue 9

9-28

Artykuł zawiera analizę porównawczą dwóch metod pracy z klientem pomocy społecznej: coachingu oraz podejścia koncentrowanego na rozwiązaniach. Opisano w nim etapy postępowania metodycznego oraz stosunek do motywacji do zmiany w obu podejściach. Pokazanie różnic między motywacją wewnętrzną i zewnętrzną w przypadku klientów pomocy społecznej jest szczególnie ważne, bo często są to osoby o wyuczonej bezradności oraz niskich kompetencjach społecznych. Praca nad zmianą jest więc wyjątkowo trudna, a oczekiwania społeczne i prawne generują wiele paradoksów działania profesjonalnego. Rozwiązaniem jednak nie jest kontrola i monitorowanie postępów klienta, ale zmiana podejścia wobec definiowania celów zmiany u klientów. W coachingu oraz PSR kluczowe cele to cele klienta i w artykule przedstawiono najpierw uzasadnienie takiego stanowiska. Następnie opisano założenia obu podejść i zaprezentowano podobne techniki wykorzystywane w pracy z klientem. Techniki te są proste do adaptacji w pracy metodycznej pracowników socjalnych i asystentów, gdy zakładają oni, że to klient jest ekspertem swojego życia, a tym samym zmiany i drogi do zmiany. W artykule scharakteryzowano strukturę procesu zmiany w obu podejściach. Celem podjętych rozważań jest zachęcenie do zaprezentowanego podejścia w pracy z klientami. Jest ono nie tylko skuteczne, lecz także zwalnia z odpowiedzialności pracowników socjalnych za porażki klientów, chroni przed wypaleniem zawodowym, a ponadto jest proste w zastosowaniu. Poza tym wiele instytucji pomocy społecznej skłania się ku pracy przedstawionymi metodami, tj. ku formułowaniu celów zgodnie z redukcją szkód, a nie radykalnymi zmianami.

The article is a comparative analysis of two methods of working with a social assistance client: coaching and solution-focused approach. It describes the stages of the methodological procedure, and shows the approach to the motivation to change in both approaches. Showing the differences between internal and external motivation in the case of social assistance clients is particularly important, as they are often people characterized by learning helplessness and with low social competence. Therefore, working on change is extremely difficult, and social and legal expectations generate many paradoxes of professional action. The solution, however, is not to control and monitor the customers’ progress, but to change the approach of defining goals for change for customers. In coaching and PSR, key goals are the client’s goals and this article explains the rationale behind this position. Then, it describes the assumptions of both approaches and presents similar techniques used in working with the client. These techniques are easy to adapt to the methodical work of social workers and assistants when they share the assumption that the client is the expert of their life, and thus of change and the path to change. It describes the structure of the change process in both approaches. The article is intended to encourage such an approach to working with clients, as it is effective, as well as releasing social workers from responsibility for clients’ failures, protecting against burnout, and easy to apply. In addition, many institutions of social assistance are leaning towards working with these methods, towards formulating goals in line with harm reduction, rather than radical changes.

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1 Labor et Educatio

1 Psychologie a její kontexty

1 Szpunar M.

1 Šídová M.

1 Šťastná L.

1 2021

1 2014

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Kouření tabáku a motivace ke změně v souvislosti s těhotenstvím

On the Effectiveness of the Solution-Focused Approach and Coaching in the Work of Social Services