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EN
Background. The cognitive objective of the present paper was to diagnose and compare the level of body lateralization in girls and boys with mild intellectual disability in the area of functional asymmetry of selected motor abilities. The practical objective was to verify the possibilities of using the functional asymmetry test in body lateralization diagnosis in intellectually disabled adolescents. Material and methods. The study covered a group of 44 individuals in total, that is boys (22 persons) and girls (22 persons) aged 15–16 years. To assess the functional asymmetry the Koszczyc–Sekita test developed at the University School of Physical Education in Wrocław was used. Results. The tests enabled the authors to formulate the following general conclusion: the lateral diversity of 1) upper and lower limb velocity and 2) strength of lower extremities in the investigated girls and boys with mild intellectual disability is statistically insignificant. Only the strength of the upper limbs has a significant level of functional asymmetry. The lowest level of asymmetry occurs in strength of the lower limbs. Conclusion. The investigation is the next step in diagnosing the state of lateralization in children and adolescents with intellectual disability. This is an issue which has been poorly studied though it is essential to be effective in such activities as learning and teaching. For the above reasons the diagnosis in this developmental area should become one of the most important elements of the teachers’ work.
EN
Background. The main aim of this paper is the assessment of differentiation of somatic body build and physical fitness of men with respect to the military speciality. Material and methods. The material was gathered in view of examinations of men who had completed twelve-month Officers’ College at the Tadeusz Kościuszko Land Forces Military Academy in Wrocław in the years 2006–2010. The research included anthropometric measurements, motor trials and a survey. Body height and body mass were measured. Moreover, body mass index and Rohrer index were calculated. The following functional traits were measured: run endurance, relative strength, trunk muscle strength, explosive strength of lower extremities, speed-running agility. In addition, maximal anaerobic work was calculated. Results and conclusions. The military training did not comprise the element which differentiated somatic body build of examined men. However, this training turned out to be the factor which differentiated the level of the majority of functional features. Only the level of a relative strength was similar in all divisional groups in terms of the military speciality.
EN
The aim of the paper was to determine the level of motor development and changes in motor performance in children from rural areas from Częstochowa region (Silesia Province) examined in the years 1999 and 2012. The research included boys and girls aged 7-9 from primary schools in Wręczyca Wielka Commune in Kłobuck County (Silesia Province). The first study was conducted in November in the school year 1999/2000 and embraced 270 students (135 girls and 135 boys); the same number of students – 270 students (135 girls and 135 boys) – was examined in the school year 2012/2013. The evaluation of motor performance was done on the basis of Zuchora Physical Fitness Index following the instructions included in the manual. The results were subjected to statistical analysis and arithmetic means and measures of spread were calculated. In order to determine the directions and scope of changes in motor performance the 2012 study results were normalized to the results obtained in 1999. The assessment of the significance of differences was made with the help of t Student test. In the years 1999-2012 unambiguous significant changes in the level of motor performance in particular age groups were not observed in girls and boys aged 7-9 from rural areas. The observed changes in motor structure refer to the progress of results in agility tests and abdominal muscle strength tests as well as regression in speed in the case of girls. Other results were at similar level. In the case of boys, the authors reported a decrease in the level of results obtained in speed tests and tests of muscle strength of the arms. Whereas similar results were obtained in strength tests, abdominal muscle strength tests and jumping ability tests. The improvement in flexibility skills was also observed.
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania było określenie poziomu rozwoju motorycznego i zmian występujących w sprawności motorycznej dzieci ze środowiska wiejskiego z regionu częstochowskiego (woj. śląskie) badanych w latach 1999 i 2012 . W badaniach uczestniczyli dziewczęta i chłopcy w wieku 7 - 9 lat ze szkół podstawowych w gminie Wręczyca Wielka w powiecie kłobuckim (woj. śląskie). Pierwsze badanie zostało przeprowadzone w listopadzie w roku szkolnym 1999/2000 i objęto nim 270 uczniów (135 dziewcząt i 135 chłopców), podobnie kształtuje się liczba badanych w roku szkolnym 2012/2013 - 270 uczniów (135 dziewcząt i 135 chłopców). Sprawność motoryczną badanych oceniono w oparciu o próby Indeksu Sprawności Fizycznej Zuchory stosując się do zaleceń zawartych w instrukcji. Wyniki badań poddano analizie statystycznej wyliczając średnie arytmetyczne i miary rozsiewu. W celu określenia kierunków i rozmiarów przemian w sprawności motorycznej wyniki badań z roku 2012 unormowano na rezultaty uzyskane w 1999 roku. Oceny istotności różnic dokonano przy pomocy testu t- Studenta. W latach 1999-2012 u dziewcząt i chłopców w wieku 7-9 lat pochodzących ze środowiska wiejskiego nie odnotowano jednoznacznych istotnych zmian w poziomie sprawności motorycznej w poszczególnych grupach wieku. Zaobserwowane zmiany struktury motoryczności w przypadku dziewcząt dotyczą progresu rezultatów w próbach gibkości i siły mięśni brzucha oraz regresu w szybkości. Pozostałe wyniki były na zbliżonym poziomie. W przypadku chłopców, odnotowano obniżenie się poziomu wyników uzyskanych w próbach : szybkości i siły mięśni ramion, zbliżone wyniki uzyskano natomiast w próbach wytrzymałości, siły mięśni brzucha, skoczności. Odnotowano również poprawę zdolności gibkościowych.
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