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EN
In the contemporary literary studies, the category ‘motto’ has a well-established position, although one often meets an opinion that a uniform theory of universal motto has not been developed yet. This article is an attempt to synthesise the existing findings about the motto. It presents an overview of the most interesting research positions. This allows us to illustrate, in general terms, how the meaning of the motto changed from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, and how it evolved from a very general blurry meaning to the one representing the main characteristics of intertextuality.
EN
Leonhartus Albertus, a poet of the age of Rudolph II, describes in a poem addressed to Heinrich Bohrmann his seal displaying an hourglass, a skull and (cross-?)bones as a sign of human ephemerality. Albertus’ explanation of the three elements is traditional. It is impossible to determine whether Heinrich Bohrmann, whose origin is paraphrased by Dalensis Belga, is identical to Henricus Borman Kessel Dalensis Iuliacus, whom we find in the register of the Faculty of Law in Padua on 9 July 1603. Albertus’ motto Lucem amo, which refers to Jesus Christ and was versified two times by the poet, is in contrast to the seal. The Latin text of all three poems is edited, accompanied by a German translation and commentary.
EN
The article is an attempt at a comprehensive analysis of the typological suitability of the mottos in Russian Romanticism, their sources and trends in Russian Romanticism: the Decembrists, the Lyubomudry Society and Pushkin with the poets and writers from his circle.
EN
The article discusses the metatextual and intertextual dimension of one of the mottos for The Emperor by Ryszard Kapuściński, which is a quote from The New Athens by Benedykt Chmielowski. The latter was the first Polish encyclopaedia, which was highly undervalued by traditional authorities in the field of literary history, for it failed to meet the intellectual standards of the Enlightenment and was marked with the anachronistic mentality of the Saxon times. The analysis relates to the way in which Chmielowski’s motto provides an interpretative frame for the controversial book by Kapuściński, devoted to the decline and fall of the oldest African Empire – Ethiopia – in the 1960s and 1970s. The author of the paper’s main focus falls on the relationship between the meaning of the source text and the semantics of modern reportage, the role played by the popular image of Benedykt Chmielowski in the process of interpretation, the relationship between the quote and the archaic style of The Emperor, and the ways in which the quote from The New Athens interacts with the other mottos of the book – the multiplicity of which signals a new narrative strategy used by the reporter and writer.
EN
The article deals with four facetiae included in the fourth treatise of the anonymous collection Facecye polskie [Polish Facetiae], modelled on the novellas by Giovanni Boccaccio. The analysed texts share the protagonist’s brilliant verbal retort, which is a way to save him from oppression. The article discusses the translation strategies used by the Polish author and tries to answer the question about other possible sources of the facetia no. 138 than the Decameron.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy czterech facecji zawartych w traktacie czwartym anonimowego zbioru Facecye polskie, za których pierwowzory uważane są nowele Giovanniego Boccaccia. Analizowane teksty łączy błyskotliwa reakcja słowna bohatera, będąca sposobem na ratunek z opresji. Celem artykułu jest omówienie strategii translatorskich zastosowanych przez polskiego autora oraz próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o inne możliwe źródła facecji 138 aniżeli Dekameron.
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Poznámka k Halasově Písni

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EN
This short article on František Halas’s poem Píseň (‘The Song’; 1932) draws attention to an editorial issue concerning the word nah (‘naked’) as it appears in the first verse (‘Jdu k tobě nah a s písní nahou’ / ‘I go to you naked and with a naked song’). In nearly all editions, this word was replaced with rád (‘happy’). The article presents the rationale for following the manuscript version (published only in the book of Halas’s poetry Doznání, 1972, edited by his son F. X. Halas) in connection to the meaning of this poem and others by Halas.
EN
In this article, 20 missions and 30 mottos of the first 30 higher education institutions in the “Shanghai” ranking are studied and their diversity is revealed. Key words groups which characterize the missions (15 words) and mottos (8 words) in the most definite way have been identified on the basis of content analysis. The number and share of these words in the mission are positively correlated with the ranking positions of institutions. In the second case (share) the corre117V. Lugovyy, O. Slyusarenko Missions and mottos...lation is maintained even for 4 the most frequent words (“education”, “research”, “knowledge”, “create”), indicating the priority of the qualitative composition of the mission. The concept of “concentrated (enriched) mission” is introduced. There are three types of mission formulations. Mottos are characterized as well. Only two key words “knowledge” and “learning” are common for missions and mottos, which confirms the principal need to distinguish between the two.
PL
W rankingu szanghajskim najbardziej renomowanych 30 szkół wyższych zbadano 20 misji i 30 haseł oraz ujawniono ich różnorodność. Na podstawie analizy treści wyróżnione zostały grupy słów kluczowych, które najbardziej dokładnie charakteryzują misje (15 słów) oraz hasła (8 słów). Liczba i część tych słów w misji pozytywnie korelują z miejscem w rankingu. W drugim przypadku (części) korelacja utrzymuje się nawet dla 4 słów o najwyższej częstotliwości („edukacja”, „badania”, „wiedza”, „tworzyć”), potwierdzając pierwszeństwo jakościowego składu misji. Wprowadzone zostało pojęcie „misji skondensowanej (wzbogaconej)”. Wyróżnione zostały trzy typy sformułowań pojęcia „misja”. Scharakteryzowane zostały również hasła. Tylko dwa słowa kluczowe „wiedza” i „uczoność/nauka” są wspólne dla misji oraz haseł, co potwierdza niezbędność ich rozróżniania.
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