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Na temat studiów nad kaflarstwem i urządzeniami grzewczymi słów kilka

100%

Dąbrowska M., Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN w Warszawie

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2010

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vol. 27

EN

Tiles, components of stoves, were relatively late included within the domain of archaeologists’ interest. First studies were prepared by historians of art, who concentrated mainly on so-called artistic craft. The intensity of archaeological researches on the Middle Ages and modern times as well as parallel developing studies on material culture and living conditions of dwellers of Polish territory directed archaeologists’ interests towards problems of preservation against cold. In the area of interests there were such devices as fireplaces, heating of hypocaustum type, stoves and kitchen ranges. On estimating twenty years of studies on tiles it should be stated that most of initially put forward problems were taken up by researchers, and the obtained results are satisfactory. One of more important tasks was precise dating of tiles. The basis for chronology determination remained an analysis of stylistic features of decorative motifs. Equally important and stating the dating precisely are written relations connected with investigated object as well as other material sources, which make cultural context of the analyzed layers. Hitherto, the answer to the question about the genesis of a phenomenon, which was an introduction of stoves to Poland and their eastward expansion was not obtained. The necessity of assessment whether centres specializing in production of these products existed is connected with this problem. Another task is continuation of research on pottery raw materials – clear distinguishers of tiles produced in a given region. The present volume is a consequence of a series of so-called Tile workshops initiated and organized by the Museum of the Origins of the Polish State in Gniezno and by the Polish Archaeologists’ Scientific Association in Poznañ. Papers included in the volume present results of research conducted not only on tiles but also on broadly understood issues connected with heating of dwelling interiors.

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Zbiór fragmentów kafli średniowiecznych i nowożytnych z badań zamku w Chęcinach, woj. świętokrzyskie

88%

Hadamik C.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2010

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vol. 27

EN

The article is the first attempt at arrangement of attainable for a researcher collection of tiles from a royal castle in Chêciny, first of all in aspect of chronology of individual groups of tile nds, which in case of Chêciny may be reconstructed only on the grounds of stylistic and technological analyses. The collection of tile fragments from archaeological excavations of the castle in comparison with other objects of this type in Poland is very not numerous (hardly 185 fragments). With the period of the late Middle Ages fragments of barely one tile may be connected, whereas coming from mature in respect of workshop producer; it must - as pars pro toto – illustrate aesthetic aspect of the castle in the 15th century and the beginnings of the next century when the king’s court sometimes stayed here, especially in times of Vladislav Jagiello. A little more fragments may be connected with mature 16th century. Among them there are enigmatic plates of kaolinite clay, hypothetically dened as fragments of stove surmounting. Representations of animals on two of these plates still stylistically belong to the Gothic; they were surely made with the use of matrixes, with which face plates of “classical” tiles were stamped. The biggest collection of tile fragments comes from the 1st half of the 17th century, concretely from the period since 1607 (destruction of the Gothic castle and beginnings of its rebuilding in the late Renaissance style) to 1655 (rst destructions in times of the Swedish war). Most important seems to be recovery of several fragments of tiles covered with glazes of navy blue and white – navy blue. At least one of them must have came from a stove described in lustration from 1613 as “blue stove”. It stood in the court room (“the great room”) of the lordly house. Likewise in cases of other stoves of the “Vasa” horizon, the stove from Chêciny should be connected with the period of Sigismund III reign. Other fragments of tiles coming from hitherto archaeological excavations of the castle of Chêciny are difcult to assign to specic stoves known from written sources, although the collected material may be generally divided into stages connected with certain works conducted on the castle within the 16th and the 1st quarter of the 17th century. The present text should be treated as the rst contribution to attempts at reconstruction of heating system of the upper castle and heating of rooms situated in the lower part. Archaeological research will be here of great importance, but also reading again – in context of the reported subject – written sources, in which hitherto unused possibilities still remain.

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Zespół kafli renesansowych z ratusza w Bytomiu

75%

Andrzejewska A., Łódzkiego I. A. U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2010

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vol. 27

EN

Archaeological research on the market square of the old town in Bytom were conducted in the years 1997-1999 on the occasion of rebuilding of underground installations and modernization of the surface. In their course relics of the town hall consisting of two one-tract wings of earlier erected, western, and subsequenly the eastern one, added around the half of the 16th century, had two cellars. The rst one, divided into three rooms, was situated under a bit older part, and was accessible immediately from the market place surface, whereas the second, divided into two localities was accesible from the room of the higher storey. In the rubble heap of these rooms lling an interesting collection of stove tiles was found. In the town hall 1189 fragments of tiles were found, as well as 2 complete bowl forms and 2 plates decorated with rosettes. Among the fragments specimens formed in matrixes - 585 specimens, 378 walls and 226 bowl tiles were distinguished. Except not numerous specimens the majority of the collection may be divided on the grounds of observed similarities of forms, metrical features and stylistics of decoration into three coherent technological-formal groups, which may be remains of two stoves. One may have been made on plan of a circle of bigger brown bowl tiles, whereas the other of green tiles, bowl and plate ones or, what is less probable, only plate ones. Reconstruction of the stoves from Bytom town hall needs further research, however at present as most probable should be recognized assignations concerning the dating of the green stove. It seems that it was built after 1526, in the second quarter of the 16th century.

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Zespół Kafli gotyckich z Ujazdu koło Tomaszowa Mazowieckiego

75%

Garas M., Łódzkiego I. A. U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2010

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vol. 27

EN

The article describes a nd of Gothic tiles found in the course of archaeological-architectonic research in the area of a residence in Ujazd near Tomaszów Mazowiecki. The most important owners of the town, who considerably in uenced the appearance of the castle, and then the palace were Piotr Strykowski, Piotr Dunin, Kacper Denhoff and the Ostrowski family. Material re ection of the complexes splendor were movable artifacts obtained during archaeological-architectonic research in the years 2002–2004. The Gothic tiles, which constitute about 75% of a rich collection consisting of over 1600 fragments were characteristic of the wealth of decorative motifs, which were divided into thematic groups. Among them, coat of arms representations, genre, sacral, court, architectonic renderings and illustrations of fauna and ora were distinguished. Most frequent were tiles with images of coats of arms – presented in three graphic manners of simple narration. Specimens with more developed stylistics were less numerous (representation of Doliwa coat of arms with attributes of the metropolitan bishop of Gniezno may be an example). Except the national emblem, White Eagle, all the other emblems represented on tiles of Ujazd were mentioned in “Klejnoty”, authorship of which is ascribed to Jan D³ugosz. Except tiles with images of coats of arms, specimens on which scenes of court and knight’s themes were distinguished – for example a scene with Saint George ghting the dragon, and probably amusement motifs, such as a representation of a march of musicians with a bear. The collection also included tiles with representations of moralizing implications, which comprised a fox watching for geese. What is also interesting is examples of images of various creatures, which are cetral motifs on tiles’ faces. First of them was a hybrid with human face and six limbs, the other - commonly known mermaid. Such creatures also include a tiger – this animal, although existing in a real world, in the Middle Ages was represented as a fantastic hybrid. Moreover, architectonic motifs among which most interesting is a representation of the castle enclosed in schematic coat of arms were distinguished. The described collection was compared to collections coming from royal, prince’s and bishop’s residences from the area of Great Poland Province.

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4 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

2 Łódzkiego I. A. U.

1 Andrzejewska A.

1 Dąbrowska M.

1 Garas M.

1 Hadamik C.

1 Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN w Warszawie

4 2010

Na temat studiów nad kaflarstwem i urządzeniami grzewczymi słów kilka

Zbiór fragmentów kafli średniowiecznych i nowożytnych z badań zamku w Chęcinach, woj. świętokrzyskie

Zespół kafli renesansowych z ratusza w Bytomiu

Zespół Kafli gotyckich z Ujazdu koło Tomaszowa Mazowieckiego