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EN
The article presents results of excavations carried out at an alleged barrow cemetery located in the western part of the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. The site, discovered in 1996 and verified in 2016, consists of 10 mounds. In 2017, the first excavations were carried out when the mound no. 3, with a diameter of c. 9 m and a relative height of c. 0.7 m, located on the northern edge of the site, was chosen for research. In the mound 39 potsherds were found. The scarcity of ceramic material and the high degree of its fragmentation make the stylistic analysis difficult. The technological and stylistic features of the discussed pottery are typical for ceramics from a wide timespan, ranging from the Pre-Roman Period to the Late Roman Period. Their precise dating and cultural affiliation are difficult to determine due not only to the small size of the collection but also to the lack of well-dated comparative materials from the Białowieża Forest and its surroundings. A 14C analysis of charcoal obtained from the embankment of the mound yielded an approximation which fits between the second half of the 3rd century and the early 6th century. The cul- tural situation of north-eastern Poland in the Pre-Roman and Roman periods remains insufficiently recognised. Excavations carried out over the past dozen years have revealed many settlements related to the local culture group of the Hatched Pottery Culture and the Wielbark Culture, with some influences flowing from the postZarubintsy circle. In the course of the excavations, no human bones were found which would unambiguously confirm the sepulchral function of the mound. The Sacharewo mound is a part of a wider category of objects known from throughout the Białowieża Forest in which no bones were discovered but only fragments of clay vessels or charcoal layers.
EN
Building of tumuli, also called mounds, is a unique form of commemorating the outstanding dead or preserving in the collective memory of the nation an important historical event. The subject of the article are mounds-monuments that were erected to commemorate the national hero Tadeusz Kościuszko, the leader of the uprising of 1794.The article describes mounds dedicated to General Kościuszko, created in the country and abroad, destroyed and those existing today, built in the period of partitions and in the times of the Second Polish Republic. They were or still are important places to awaken patriotism in local communities. They all has got the same goal: to honor the General and preserve his achievements in the collective memory.
PL
Budowanie tumulusów, zwanych też kopcami, to wyjątkowa forma upamiętniania wybitnych osób zmarłych czy utrwalania w zbiorowej pamięci narodu ważnego wydarzenia historycznego. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są kopce-pomniki, które powstały dla uczczenia bohatera narodowego Tadeusza Kościuszki, przywódcy insurekcji 1794 roku. Autorka opisuje poświęcone gen. Kościuszce kopce zakładane w Polsce i poza jej granicami, zniszczone i te nadal istniejące, powstałe podczas zaborów oraz za czasów II Rzeczypospolitej. Są lub były one ważnymi miejscami budzenia patriotyzmu w lokalnych społecznościach. Powstaniu ich wszystkich przyświecał ten sam cel: uhonorowanie postaci generała oraz utrwalenie jego dokonań w pamięci zbiorowej.
EN
In the first part of the paper, the authors present the history of studies, in particular on mounds and mound cemeteries in the area of the Wieliczka and Wiśnicz Foothills and areas adjoining them in the north, namely the Cracow and Bochnia Foothills. Subsequently, the authors tackle new discoveries in the area of vast forest complexes, related to the possibility of using modern technologies. In particular, this refers to the making of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data available. Presumed mound cemeteries in Bochnia-Kolanów, site No. 120 and in Łapczyca, site No. 90, were discussed in detail. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was generated for them, and subsequently, geo-magnetic and soil survey studies were carried out. As a result of field surveys and the above-listed studies, fourteen possible mounds were identified at site No. 120 in Bochnia-Kolanów and thirty-five at site No. 90 in Łapczyca. The performed work is preparatory with respect to the planned excavation studies which are meant to confirm the chronology of the discovered sites.
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu została przedstawiona historia badań w szczególności nad kopcami i cmentarzyskami kurhanowymi na obszarze Pogórza Wielickiego i Wiśnickiego wraz z przylegającymi do nich od północy: Przedgórzem Krakowskim i Bocheńskim. Następnie poruszono zagadnienia nowych odkryć na terenach rozległych kompleksów leśnych związanych z możliwością wykorzystania nowoczesnych technologii. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim udostępnienia danych LiDAR (ang. Light Detection and Ranging). Szerzej omówione zostały domniemane cmentarzyska kurhanowe w Bochni-Kolanowie, stan. 120 i Łapczycy, stan. 90. Stworzony został dla nich Numeryczny Model Terenu, a następnie przeprowadzono badania geomagnetyczne oraz gleboznawcze. W wyniku prospekcji terenowych oraz wspomnianych badań zidentyfikowano 14 możliwych kopców na stanowisku 120 w Bochni-Kolanowie i 35 na stanowisku 90 w Łapczycy. Poczynione prace mają charakter przygotowawczy przed planowanymi badaniami wykopaliskowymi mającymi potwierdzić chronologię odkrytych stanowisk.
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