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1

Wincenty Skrzetuski o sądach i prawie miejskim oraz potrzebie ich reformy.

100%

Organiściak W.

Z Dziejów Prawa

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2013

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vol. 6(14)

13-28

EN

Skrzetuski’s views on the law should be considered an important voice in a discussion on the need to reform the law in the gentry Republic of Poland in the spirit referring to progressive slogans of the 18th century humanitarian school in law at that time, including views of such thinkers as Rousseau, Montesquieu and Beccare. The analysis of Wincenty Skrzetuski’ views on law, including the one biding in the cities of the gentry Republic of Poland points to the fact that he was one of the first who called for strictly obeying the law, underlining the necessity to make just laws in the era of Stanisław August equipped with punishments socially useful and congruent with the crime committed. Skrzetuski, criticizing a so far existing legal system called for eliminating severe punishment and, instead, suggested creating conditions providing the inevitability of their execution. A scholarly piarist also called for writing laws that are short, commonlyunderstood and free from contradictions in according with the Enlightenment postulates. Also, he called for the fastest and absolute elimination of tortures in the gentry Republic of Poland, as well as other medieval relics used in the local jurisdiction. In his arguments, Skrzetuski referred to Cesarego Beccare’s work O przestępstwach i karach.

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Monografia procesu kryminalnego w miastach małopolskich doby nowożytnej (M. Mikołajczyk, Proces kryminalny w miastach Małopolski XVI-XVIII wieku, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2013, 620 s.; Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach nr 2979)

88%

Mikuła M.

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

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2014

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vol. 7

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issue 4

653–658

EN

The reviewed book is an extensive study devoted to criminal trial as conducted in the towns of Southern Poland of early modern period. The author relied on particularly rich source material composed of norm-setting acts, writings of lawyers engaged in theoretical analysis and a large number of court books referring to penal cases, both those presented in the form of manuscripts as well as those that appeared in print. The significance of the study consists in the exploitation by its author of the sources illustrative of legal practice. The author investigated, with a particular precision, the factual course that the municipal criminal trial used to take in more serious penal cases. He laid a particular emphasis on the fairly well source-supported evidentiary proceedings. Worthy of note is his analysis devoted to the substantial law basis according to which the judgements were passed. The analysis showed that in the 16th through 18th centuries, in the municipal courts the local customary law played significant role, apart from that played by the Saxon and Magdeburg legal systems. On the basis of the research that he made the author suggests a conclusion that, despite the differences detectable in the practice of the respective towns, there functioned a uniform municipal penal procedure. The latter was characterized by certain features. These were: 1) the absence – in general – of individualized inquiry that would precede the judicial part of proceedings; 2) the instituting and conducting the judicial proceedings through ex officio method being regarded as something absolutely exceptional; 3) the proceedings were – as a rule – instituted due to the proposal of the plaintiff although sometimes they were instituted through the handing one of the accused to the court; 4) the varying role of the parties engaged in the trial, this being dependant on the specific court; 5) a significant role played by the defence counsels; 6) the lack of limitations that might be imposed on evidentiary proceedings with respect to the specific stage of the trial; 7) the evaluation of evidence based on common sense and not on rigid rules; 8) a slight significance of the appeal proceedings, this might be due to the influence of inquisitional type of procedure. While highly appreciating the practice of criminal courts, the author arrived at a conclusion that remarkably large number of elements of accusatorial and adversary nature that are found in the discussed proceedings locates the criminal trial conducted in the Polish towns of the modern era on the position of the accusatorial and adversary model, the modern elements of inquisitional origin being also detectable in it.

3

Soupis rukopisů Rožmberské knihy (1. část)

88%

Fiedlerová N.

Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)

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2017

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vol. 47

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issue 1

181-280

EN

The Rosenberg Book, a unique source of the Bohemian land law written in the 14th century, lacked until now a full and comprehensive catalogue of all the extant manuscript copies. As the paper contains a physical and codicological description of 10 the known 40 manuscripts of the Rosenberg Book, it presents to the readers the first part of the catalogue. In the introduction to the paper the catalogue is supplemented with basic information about the existing records of the Rosenberg Book manuscripts, brief characteristics of its manuscript tradition, an the guidelines for the manuscript description itself.

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K rukopisné tradici Rožmberské knihy

88%

Fiedlerová N.

Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)

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2016

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vol. 46

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issue 1

3-41

EN

With the hindsight of over a century since the publication of the last edition of the Rosenberg book the author comes back to the idea of a new edition, which could not be brought about without a high-standard description of all preserved manuscripts. The present study is based on the author's study of Rosenberg book manuscripts, which is first presented in the light of previous older research, which highlighted four different ways to consider an edition of the Rosenberg book. The next section focuses on individual groups of manuscripts, which are characterized in greater detail in the light of the period in which they were written, attempting to date them more precisely on the basis of paleographic and codicological analysis. By identifying the composition it also attempts to determine the circle of users of individual legal colelctions. The study is concluded by a summary of the development trends that are evident in the Rosenberg book manuscript tradition and a final view of the future, which opens up new perspectives for further research.

5

Theoretical concepts of local self-government in the Habsburg Monarchy (The nineteenth-century experience of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria)

75%

Kyrychenko V., Sokalska O., Samoilenko O., Butyrin Y., Rydvan M.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2023

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vol. 121

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issue 4

1087-1109

EN

This historical and legal research addresses the process of scientific conceptualization of the phenomenon of local self-government by the European liberal and democratic thought of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as well as with the formulation of a theory describing the nature of self-governance and its relationship with the state and its agencies. It demonstrates how theoretical concepts introduced by prominent European scholars were interwoven into the process of reforms in the Habsburg monarchy based on the experience of the crownland of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. Furthermore, it shows that although inspired by the ideas of European liberalism, the system of local self-governance created in the Habsburg monarchy had little in common with the ideals of commune theory, while its nature and essence were interpreted only through the state paradigm.

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“Oath of Death” in Practice of Municipal Court of Krzemieniec in the 18th Century

63%

Mikołajczyk M.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

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2016

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vol. 25

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issue 3

EN

Before Poland was partitioned, there had been different laws for each group of society. Gentry, townspeople and peasants had their own laws. In the gentry law (land law) there was a rule that the accused could not be sentenced to death if the private accuser with several other people did not swear that the accused deserves death penalty. The practice of such a swearing existed until 1768. Current researches indicated the lack of such a rule in a municipal law. However, in the city of Krzemieniec in Wołyń the practice was different. Local municipal court required the oath of a claimant in most criminal cases. It is possible to suppose that it was an example of imitating the land law by the municipal law. We do not know if it was an only example of such a practice or whether there were similar situations in other cities of eastern Republic of Poland. This problem requires further researches.

PL

W Polsce do czasów rozbiorów panowała stanowość prawa. Odrębnym prawem posługiwała się między innymi szlachta, mieszczanie, chłopi. W prawie szlacheckim (ziemskim) istniał zwyczaj, zgodnie z którym oskarżony nie mógł zostać skazany na karę śmierci, o ile wcześniej prywatny oskarżyciel wraz z kilkoma innymi osobami nie złożył przysięgi, iż podsądny na taką karę zasłużył. Składanie takiej przysięgi przetrwało aż do 1768 r. Dotychczasowe badania wskazywały na brak takiego zwyczaju w prawie miejskim. Okazuje się jednak, że w leżącym na Wołyniu Krzemieńcu w połowie XVIII w. tamtejszy sąd miejski w większości spraw karnych uzależniał skazanie oskarżonego na śmierć albo wykonanie skazującego na tę karę wyroku od przysięgi strony powodowej. Należy przypuszczać, że naśladowano w tym wypadku rozwiązania przyjęte w prawie ziemskim (szlacheckim). Nie wiadomo jednak, czy mamy do czynienia z wyjątkowym przypadkiem czy też podobnie postępowano w innych miastach na Kresach wschodnich dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Zagadnienie to wymaga dalszych badań.

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PERSPEKTYWA BADAŃ NAD PRAWEM RZYMSKIM W KONTEKŚCIE PRAWA MUNICYPALNEGO

51%

Sitek B.

Zeszyty Prawnicze

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2019

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vol. 19

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issue 1

117-134

EN

Progress in technology is having more and more of an impact on law studies. More and more young lawyers are working on legal problems using the comparative legal method, but they are also using diﬀerent interdisciplinary methods. Interdisciplinary research is being done on subjects involving combinations of economics, psychology, biology or computer science. In this respect historical studies are being marginalized more and more, as can be seen, for example, by the tendency of law schools to reduce the number of teaching hours for the history of law, including Roman law. So we should be looking for problems which the positivists could use to build up their arguments. Municipal law, which can be an inspiration for contemporary solutions, such as theintroduction of the term of ofce for local government bodies, oﬀers a promising area of study in this respect.

PL

Rozwój techniki i technologii wywiera coraz większy wpływ na nauki prawne. Młodzi prawnicy coraz częściej zajmują się problemami prawnymi z zastosowaniem metody prawnoporównawczej, ale też sięgają do interdyscyplinarności, czego rezultatem są opracowania z pogranicza ekonomii, psychologii, biologii czy informatyki. W tej optyce nauki historyczne coraz bardziej są marginalizowane, co widać chociażby po tendencji zmniejszania liczby godzin dydaktycznych dla historii prawa, w tym dla prawa rzymskiego. Konieczne jest zatem poszukiwanie takich problemów, które mogą być potencjalnym elementem w budowaniu argumentacji przez pozytywistów. Niewątpliwie takim obszarem jest prawo municypalne, które może być inspiracją dla współczesnych rozwiązań, jak chociażby wprowadzenie kadencyjności organów samorządowych.

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Comparative Research on the Metropolitan Administration and Service in Porto

51%

Hoffman I., Fazekas J., Bencsik A., Bodó B. I., Budai K., Dancs T., Dombrovszky B., Ferge P., Kári G., Lukács D., Kárász M., Gönczi L., Vasas Z. R., Cseh K. B., Papp D., Molnár C.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

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2020

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vol. 29

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issue 4

EN

The Porto Metropolitan Area (Área Metropolitana do Porto, AMP) is a framework of cooperation between 17 municipalities and several districts. This metropolitan area has a specific, inter-municipal model of urban governance. In our research, we found that cooperation is significant mainly in sectors where the central legislature has essentially made this mandatory, by designing the AMP and defining its powers. In addition to AMP, only partial cooperation has been established in the field of waste management, and in the field of human public services and in the performance of public authority, there is essentially a set of autonomous organisational solutions. However, despite all this fragmentation, the above system ensures the satisfactory functioning of the metropolitan agglomeration. This also underlines the importance of transport management in urban areas, since this functioning system is based on an integrated and intermodal transport system

PL

Obszar metropolitalny Porto (Área Metropolitana do Porto, AMP) składa się z 17 gmin i kilku okręgów. Przyjęto tu specyficzny, międzygminny model zarządzania. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że współpraca jest znacząca głównie w sektorach, którym centralny prawodawca zasadniczo nadał taki obowiązek, projektując AMP i określając jego uprawnienia. Oprócz AMP nawiązano jedynie częściową współpracę w zakresie gospodarki odpadami, a w zakresie usług publicznych i wykonywania władzy publicznej istnieje w zasadzie zestaw autonomicznych rozwiązań organizacyjnych. Pomimo całego tego rozdrobnienia system ten zapewnia odpowiednie funkcjonowanie aglomeracji metropolitalnej. Istotne jest również zarządzanie transportem na obszarach miejskich, ponieważ jest ono oparte na zintegrowanym i intermodalnym systemie transportowym.

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Opus isagogicus. Uwagi nad książką Marcina Starzyńskiego Krakowska rada miejska w średniowieczu (Societas Vistulana, Kraków 2010, ss. 402, summary)

51%

Mikuła M.

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

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2012

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vol. 5

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issue 3

287–293

EN

The book by Marcin Starzyński recapitulates, rectifies and complements what we at present know about the medieval City Council of Cracow as an institution. The discussed monograph collected the most important issues devoted to the medieval Council of Cracow. The monograph pointed also to the directions along which further research should be continued. The volume therefore does not conclude the study of the aforementioned institution. Its task is rather to introduce further research whose subject-matter might include: the prosopographic studies, the law-creating accomplishments of the Council and the political role that it played in the medieval Kingdom of Poland. It is worthwhile to note that half the volume is covered by the appendices that inform of the city councilors, include the register of the Council-produced wilkurs and specify the debts incurred by the Council in order to achieve the measures needed for lending money to the Kings.

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Prawodawstwo dla miast z wczesnego okresu polskiego parlamentaryzmu (do 1468 roku)

51%

Mikuła M.

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

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2014

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vol. 7

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issue 1

133–145

EN

An intensive development of Polish parliamentarism took place in the 15th century; the composition, procedures and competence scope of the General Sejm (Polish parliament) were being established, an example of which may be the principle that the Polish gentry was to be represented in Parliament by elected deputies – two from each land. Among the numerous regulations established at all kinds of conventions which took place in the early period of Polish parliamentarism, there were issues devoted to cities and town dwellers. Among them, one should mention, among others, regulations relating to trade and trade routes, those counteracting the high costs of life, changes relating to the principles of court proceedings, and taxes. Numerous regulations had to be reevaluated and reconsidered at successive parliamentary sessions, also in the 16th century, which testifies to the fact that due to the resistance of the townsfolk, the regulations passed by the sejm, had not been applied. Yet the overall evaluation of parliamentary legislation dating back to the early period of Polish parliamentarism, does not allow one to conclude that this legislation was unequivocally anti-urban. Numerous laws and regulations which had been passed in the interest of the gentry were also favorable to the townsmen.

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Na marginesie edycji miejskich ksiąg kryminalnych. Prawo pisane i dzieła prawnicze w praktyce sądu krakowskiego i dobczyckiego

38%

Mikuła M.

Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego

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2017

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issue 20

427-439

EN

Four volumes of sources were published in the recent few years in the series „Fontes Iuris Polonici”. Three of them are Cracow criminal records from 1554–1615, 1589–1604, 1630–1633 and 1679–1690, which were edited by a research group (Wacław Uruszczak, Maciej Mikuła, Krzysztof Fokt, Anna Karabowicz). Another volume includes a criminal court records of Dobczyce (1699–1737), prepared and edited by M. Mikuła. Edited records deliver a valuable information about legal sources, which were in use in legal practice. There were applicate by courts, also by parties (plaintiffs and defendants and their plenipotentiaries). These evidences strengthen a hypothesis of using several written law sources in a legal practice. The pages of the edited sources include links to works of Jodok Damhouder, Andrzej Lipski, Bartłomiej Groicki, Paweł Szczerbic and Mikołaj Jaskier.

PL

W ostatnich kilku latach w ramach serii Fontes Iuris Polonici ukazały się cztery tomy źródeł. Trzy z nich to księgi kryminalne miasta Krakowa z lat 1554–1615, 1589–1604 oraz lat 1630–1633 i 1679–1690, wydane przez zespół kierowany przez Wacława Uruszczaka (Maciej Mikuła, Krzysztof Fokt, Anna Karabowicz). Ponadto w serii ukazała się księga kryminalna miasta Dobczyc z lat 1699–1737, opracowana przez M. Mikułę. Wydane źródła zawierają liczne informacje o stosowaniu w praktyce – zarówno przez sądy, jak i pełnomocników procesowych – przepisów prawa stanowionego. Są to dane, które wzmacniają tezę o szerokim wykorzystaniu prawa spisanego w miejskiej praktyce prawnej. Na kartach tych ksiąg odnaleźć można odwołania do prac prawniczych Jodoka Damhoudera, Andrzeja Lipskiego, Bartłomieja Groickiego, Pawła Szczerbica i Mikołaja Jaskiera.

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Wincenty Skrzetuski o sądach i prawie miejskim oraz potrzebie ich reformy.

Monografia procesu kryminalnego w miastach małopolskich doby nowożytnej (M. Mikołajczyk, Proces kryminalny w miastach Małopolski XVI-XVIII wieku, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2013, 620 s.; Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach nr 2979)

Soupis rukopisů Rožmberské knihy (1. část)

K rukopisné tradici Rožmberské knihy

Theoretical concepts of local self-government in the Habsburg Monarchy (The nineteenth-century experience of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria)

“Oath of Death” in Practice of Municipal Court of Krzemieniec in the 18th Century

PERSPEKTYWA BADAŃ NAD PRAWEM RZYMSKIM W KONTEKŚCIE PRAWA MUNICYPALNEGO

Comparative Research on the Metropolitan Administration and Service in Porto

Opus isagogicus. Uwagi nad książką Marcina Starzyńskiego Krakowska rada miejska w średniowieczu (Societas Vistulana, Kraków 2010, ss. 402, summary)

Prawodawstwo dla miast z wczesnego okresu polskiego parlamentaryzmu (do 1468 roku)

Na marginesie edycji miejskich ksiąg kryminalnych. Prawo pisane i dzieła prawnicze w praktyce sądu krakowskiego i dobczyckiego