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Could changes in the ultrasound image of the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall be seen as a sign of muscle activity? A narrative review

100%
Paweł Linek P.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2017
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issue 1
59-65
EN
Aim. Currently, ultrasonography (USG) is used to study changes occurring in the lateral abdominal wall muscles (LAM). Here, the question that naturally arises is whether a change in the thickness of the ultrasound image can be identified with a change in muscle activity. Therefore, the purpose of the present work is to: 1) undertake an analysis of available publications exploring the relationship between electromyography (EMG) and USG; 2) define the USG measurement of each LAM; 3) identify gaps in the literature. Material and methods. The databases MEDLINE, POL-index and Google Scholar were used to search the literature. We used a combination of terms (in Polish and English) containing the abbreviated and full names of the following expressions: ultrasound, electromyography and external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, or transverse abdominal muscle. Results. Nine publications fulfilled the conditions for inclusion in the analysis. These used different methodologies and test conditions, making it difficult to interpret the results of individual works. The majority demonstrated poor or no correlation between EMG and USG measurements. Conclusion. Changes in the thickness of the LAM using USG should not be equated with a change in muscle activity. To avoid misinterpretation, one should avoid the term “muscle activity” in evaluating changes in the thickness of the LAM. It is recommended that the terms “thickness change” or “morphological change” be used in the assessment of this phenomenon, which is closely related to real changes in USG imaging, expressing a more complex phenomenon than a mere change in bioelectrical potential.
2
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Muscle fatigue related to human posture using a brush cutter for landscape gardening: a preliminary study

86%
Yang W., Li B., Li S., Zhang Y., Yang H.
Medycyna Pracy
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2022
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vol. 73
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issue 3
201-207
EN
Background: Brush cutters are widely used in Chinese landscape gardening and agricultural laboring which leads the operators being exposed to many risks. Low back pain (LBP) is particularly common and can lead to substantial personal, community and financial burdens. The aim of the presented study was to measure the activity and function of each torso muscle of the operator when using the bush cutter, so as to evaluate the muscle injury of the operator during using several common brush cutters for different landscape tasks. Material and Methods: The human postures of 6 workers using 2 types of brush cutters in the 3 working conditions were recorded and measured by using a surface electromyography (sEMG) system and a camera. The test results were compared by t-test and sign test. The effect of human posture on the sEMG signal of trunk muscles in different working condition were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: In the 3 working conditions, except for the left trapezius muscle, the muscle load of operating the backpack brush cutter is higher than that of operating side-mounted brush cutter. When operating the side-mounted backpack brush cutter, the force on both sides of the trapezius muscle is uneven, the load of the left trapezius muscle is >25%, and the maximum value is >30%. Conclusions: The results highlighted significant differences in the effects of different working postures on the muscle activities of workers’ trunk. Safe operation standards should therefore be taken to protect the exposed workers and to improve the industrial design of irrigation cutters to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.
3
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Shoulder girdle muscle activity and fatigue in traditional and improved design carpet weaving workstations

86%
Allahyari T., Mortazavi N., Khalkhali H. R., Sanjari M. A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2015
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vol. 29
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issue 2
345-354
EN
Objectives Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and shoulder regions are common among carpet weavers. Working for prolonged hours in a static and awkward posture could result in an increased muscle activity and may lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomic workstation improvements can reduce muscle fatigue and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Material and Methods The aim of this study is to assess and to compare upper trapezius and middle deltoid muscle activity in 2 traditional and improved design carpet weaving workstations. These 2 workstations were simulated in a laboratory and 12 women carpet weavers worked for 3 h. Electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded during work in bilateral upper trapezius and bilateral middle deltoid. The root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) values were calculated and used to assess muscle load and fatigue. Repeated measure ANOVA was performed to assess the effect of independent variables on muscular activity and fatigue. The participants were asked to report shoulder region fatigue on the Borg’s Category-Ratio scale (Borg CR-10). Results Root mean square values in workstation A are significantly higher than in workstation B. Furthermore, EMG amplitude was higher in bilateral trapezius than in bilateral deltoid. However, muscle fatigue was not observed in any of the workstations. Conclusions The results of the study revealed that muscle load in a traditional workstation was high, but fatigue was not observed. Further studies investigating other muscles involved in carpet weaving tasks are recommended.
4
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Shoulder girdle muscle activity and fatigue during automobile chassis repair

86%
Tian B., Yu S., Chu J., Li W.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2019
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vol. 32
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issue 4
537-552
EN
Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the postures that were commonly used in automobile chassis repair operations, and to evaluate shoulder girdle muscle fatigue for different combinations of the weight of hand-tools. Material and Methods Two right muscles, including upper trapezius (UT) and middle deltoid (MD), were selected. Surface electromyography (SEMG) and a perceived level of discomfort (PLD) were used to assess the degree of shoulder girdle fatigue. Fifteen healthy young male subjects from the Northwestern Polytechnical University participated in the test. The test consisted of assuming 4 different postures and maintaining each of them for 60 s. The 4 postures varied in terms of dumbbell weights, standing for the hand-tools weight: W1 was 0.48 kg and W2 was 0.75 kg; the 4 shoulder postures were shoulder flexions of 150°, 120°, 90°, and 60°, combined with an included elbow angle of 180°, 150°, 120° and 90°, respectively. The experimental sequences were randomly selected. The signals of SEMG and the values of PLD in the shoulder girdle were recorded in 60 s. All subjects completed the whole test. The repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to ascertain differences between dumbbell weight (0.48 kg and 0.75 kg) and shoulder postures (150°/180°, 120°/150°, 90°/120° and 60°/90°). The Friedman test was utilized to determine the significant differences for UT(PLD) and MD(PLD) on shoulder postures. Spearman’s correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the subjective and objective measurements. Results Significant correlational relationships existed between the UT percentage of the maximal voluntary electrical activation (%MVE) and UT(PLD) (r = 0.459, p < 0.01), between MD(%MVE) and MD(PLD) (r = 0.821, p < 0.01). The results showed that SEMG and PLD of the 4 postures under analysis differed significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusions It was indicated that posture T4 (shoulder forward flexion 60° and included elbow angle 90°) resulted in the lowest fatigue, both in terms of the objective measure and the subjective perception, which meant that this posture was more ergonomic. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):537–52
5
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Muscle activity during endotracheal intubation using 4 laryngoscopes (Macintosh laryngoscope, Intubrite, TruView Evo2 and King Vision) – A comparative study

58%
Gaszyński T., Jakubiak J.
Medycyna Pracy
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2016
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vol. 67
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issue 2
155-162
PL
Wstęp Udana intubacja dotchawicza wymaga od wykonującego ją anestezjologa umiejętności i sprawności fizycznej. Ponieważ stanowi też duże obciążenie fizyczne, ergonomia stosowanych urządzeń ma znaczenie. Celem badania było porównanie 4 laryngoskopów i ocena aktywności wybranych mięśni kończyny górnej oraz satysfakcji i zmęczenia u osób wykonujących intubację za ich pomocą. Materiał i metody W badaniu wzięło udział 13 anestezjologów z podobnym stażem pracy. Aktywność mięśni mierzono przy użyciu aparatu do elektromiografii (ElectroMyoGraphy – EMG) MyoPlus 2. Satysfakcję intubujących określono w wizualnej skali analogowej (Visual Analog Scale – VAS), a zmęczenie oceniono zmodyfikowaną skalą Borga. Wyniki Najwyższą aktywność mięśni odnotowano w przypadku intubacji wykonywanej za pomocą laryngoskopu Intubrite, następnie standardowego z łopatką Mackintosha, dalej – TruView Evo2, a najniższą w przypadku wideolaryngoskopu King Vision. Różnice istotne statystycznie w aktywności mięśni odnotowano dla King Vision i pozostałych laryngoskopów (p < 0,05), natomiast między pozostałymi urządzeniami nie zaobserwowano istotnych różnic (p > 0,05). Najkrócej trwała intubacja przeprowadzana z użyciem standardowego laryngoskopu. Najwyżej satysfakcję z wykonanej pracy oceniali badani korzystający z King Vision, a najniższej w przypadku TruView Evo2. Największe zmęczenie powodował u badanych używany do intubacji laryngoskop Intubrite, a najmniejsze – King Vision. Wnioski Najniższa aktywność mięśni, czyli najmniejsza siła, są konieczne do wykonania intubacji za pomocą laryngoskopu King Vision. Korzystanie z tego urządzenia sprawia także największą satysfakcję i powoduje najmniejsze zmęczenie. Z kolei najwyższa aktywność mięśni i największy wysiłek są potrzebne do intubacji za pomocą Intubrite. Med. Pr. 2016;67(2):155–162
EN
Background Successful endotracheal intubation requires mental activity and no less important physical activity from the anesthesiologist, so ergonomics of used devices is important. The aim of our study has been to compare 4 laryngoscopes regarding an operator’s activity of selected muscles of the upper limb, an operator’s satisfaction with used devices and an operator’s fatigue during intubation attempts. Material and Methods The study included 13 anesthesiologists of similar seniority. To measure muscle activity MyoPlus 2 with 2-channel surface ElectroMyoGraphy (sEMG) test device was used. Participant’s satisfaction with studied devices was evaluated using Visual Analog Scale. An operator’s fatigue during intubation efforts was evaluated by means of the modified Borg’s scale. Results The highest activity of all the studied muscles was observed for the Intubrite laryngoscope, followed by the Mackintosh, TruView Evo2 and the lowest one – for the King Vision video laryngoscope. A significant statistical difference was observed for the King Vision and the rest of laryngoscopes (p < 0.05). No significant statistical differences were observed between the Macintosh, TruView Evo2 and Intubrite laryngoscopes (p > 0.05). The shortest time of intubation was achieved using the standard Macintosh blade laryngoscope. The highest satisfaction was noted for the King Vision video laryngoscope, and the lowest for – the TruView Evo2. The Intubrite was the most demanding in terms of workload, in the opinion of the participants’, and the least demanding was the King Vision video laryngoscope. Conclusions Muscle activity, namely the force used for intubation, is the smallest when the King Vision video laryngoscope is used with the highest satisfaction and lowest workload, and the highest muscle activity was proven for the Intubrite laryngoscope with the highest workload. Med Pr 2016;67(2):155–162
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