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MUSCULAR ENDURANCE AND STRENGTH IN BOYS AGED FROM 11 TO 13 YEARS

100%

Wojciechowska–Maszkowska B., Wieloch M.

Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective

2015

vol. 4

issue 6

23-30

The psychophysical development of humans is genetically determined and influenced by a number of external factors. Nowadays, impacts on the physical development and physical ability of young men are caused by such phenomena as acceleration and civilizational or urban changes. Monitoring of changes in development and the influence of different factors seems to be justified as it is related to the understanding of processes and the introduction of preventive measures in the field of health and physical fitness for future generations. New concepts for testing human physical abilities seem to focus on utilitarian targets related to health needs and daily human activities. The study was performed on a group of 211 boys from an urban area, including 75 at the age of 11, 74 at the age of 12 and 62 at the age of 13. The study examined the strength of abdominal and trunk muscles (sits-up from a lying position), shoulder girdle and lower extremity muscles (overhang on a bar), and explosive strength of upper limbs (forward and backward medicine ball throw). Boys at the age of 11 years achieved the shortest distances, and boys at the age of 13 the longest distances in forward medicine ball throws. The results of the attained distances in backward medicine ball throws were also better in older boys compared to younger ones. The results of the muscle endurance tests were different. In both attempts, boys at the age of 12 attained better results than their younger and older colleagues. The development of strength abilities in boys between the age of 11 and 13 years has stable progress, while the observed differences in muscle endurance in boys at the age of 13 require further monitoring and further examination of their impact in terms of quality and quantity in boys of prepubertal age.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves handgrip performance in Brazilian Jiu-jitsu elite male athletes

51%

de M. Pedreiro R., B. Brizzi A. C., Pinto Neto O.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

2023

vol. 23

issue 4

36-45

Background. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) is a high-intensity martial art whose primary goal is to submit your opponent using joint locks or chokeholds. Investigating different strategies to improve muscular strength and endurance is of primary concern for BJJ practitioners. In the past, Anodic transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to improve physical performance. Problem and aim. However, the effects of tDCS on isometric contraction in BJJ athletes are not known. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the acute effect of tDCS on handgrip strength in elite BJJ athletes. Material and methods. Ten male BJJ athletes aged 25.5 ± 5.7 years were recruited. Participants completed two experimental conditions (a-tDCS and sham) with an interval of 48 to 72 hours in a randomized manner between sections. Stimulation was applied over the DLPFC (2mA intensity/20 minutes). Immediately after stimulation or sham, participants performed a handgrip MVC test and then sustained a submaximal force to failure at 60% of their MVC. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected at the end of the test. Results. No significant difference was found between a-tDCS and sham conditions for MVC. Time to task failure in the a-tDCS group was statistically higher compared to the sham group. No significant difference was found between a-tDCS and sham groups for RPE. Conclusions. The a-tDCS promoted performance improvement, increasing the time to task failure in a constant handgrip force task with load at 60% of the maximum.

Wprowadzenie. Brazylijskie Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) to sztuka walki o wysokim natężeniu, której głównym celem jest zmuszenie przeciwnika do poddania się przy użyciu dźwigni stawowych lub duszenia. Badanie różnych strategii poprawy siły mięśniowej i wytrzymałości ma kluczowe znaczenie dla praktykujacych BJJ. W przeszłości wykazano, że anodowa przezczaszkowa stymulacja prądem stałym (a-tDCS) stosowana do lewej grzbietowo-bocznej kory przedczołowej (DLPFC) poprawia wydolność fizyczną. Problem i cel. Jednakże, nie jest znany wpływ tDCS na izometryczne skurcze u zawodników BJJ. Celem tego badania było zbadanie ostrego wpływu tDCS na siłę chwytu ręki u elity zawodników BJJ. Materiał i metody. Do badania zakwalifikowano dziesięciu mężczyzn, zawodników BJJ w wieku 25,5 ± 5,7 lat. Uczestnicy przeszli dwa warunki eksperymentalne (a-tDCS i warunki pozorowane ) w odstępie 48-72 godzin w sposób losowy między sekcjami. Stymulację przeprowadzano na DLPFC (intensywność 2 mA/20 minut). Bezpośrednio po stymulacji lub w warunkach pozorowanych przeprowadzono test MVC chwytu ręki, a następnie utrzymano submaksymalne obciążenie do momentu wyczerpania przy 60% MVC. Po zakończeniu testu zebrano dane dotyczące odczuwanego wysiłku (RPE). Wyniki. Nie stwierdzono znaczącej różnicy między a-tDCS a warunkami pozorowanymi dla MVC. a-tDCS promował poprawę wydajności, wydłużając czas do niepowodzenia zadania w zadaniu ze stałą siłą chwytu z obciążeniem na poziomie 60% maksimum. Wnioski. A-tDCS promował poprawę wydajności, wydłużając czas do niepowodzenia zadania w zadaniu ze stałą siłą chwytu z obciążeniem na poziomie 60% maksimum.

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1 Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

1 Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective

1 B. Brizzi A. C.

1 Pinto Neto O.

1 Wieloch M.

1 Wojciechowska–Maszkowska B.

1 de M. Pedreiro R.

1 2023

1 2015

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MUSCULAR ENDURANCE AND STRENGTH IN BOYS AGED FROM 11 TO 13 YEARS

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves handgrip performance in Brazilian Jiu-jitsu elite male athletes