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EN
The child at school is not an empty container that Teacher wants to fulfill with wisdom. Every child has its own inner potential, its own possibilities and the desire to become something, to make something meaningful. Our task is to recognize and respect this potential, to help the student through the content of the learning material, to find their own ways, how to develop the potential in their own favor and for social acceptance. It seems absurd, but it is logical that this potential of individuals can only be recognized by allowing them to express themselves in their own way. In order for them to have the freedom of choice of activities, content and social relationships in the learning process to reach the goals they set for themselves, including those needed for social acceptance of themselves.
EN
Biographical research confirms that thanks to his studies, Chopin had all the expertise to author a national opera, a genre of fundamental importance and high status in the first half of the nineteenth century. The article posits that the answer to the question why Chopin did not create any operatic works lies in a combination of reasons. The author discusses various factors potentially determining the composer’s decision, including the historical circumstances (the outbreak of the anti-Russian November Uprising in Warsaw in 1830), as well as aspects of Chopin’s musical personality. She focuses on arguments related to the performative status of opera as a genre.
PL
Rozwój życia muzycznego w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym, wzrost zainteresowania sztuką muzyczną wśród ogółu społeczeństwa, upowszechnianie muzyki w ramach m.in. wychowania muzycznego w szkołach, a także znacząca rola muzyki polskiej, spowodowały szerokie dyskusje na tematy związane z edukacją muzyczną Jednym z forów toczącej się dyskusji były polskie czasopisma, a wśród nich miesięcznik pedagogiczno-muzyczny pt. „Muzyka w Szkole”. Artykuły publikowane w tym czasopiśmie w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym stanowią obecnie wielką wartość historyczną, są źródłem wiedzy o polskiej edukacji muzycznej tego okresu. Analiza materiału źródłowego wykazała, że muzyka była przedmiotem wielu cennych dyskusji prowadzonych na łamach tego periodyku. Poruszana problematyka dotyczyła m.in. znaczenia rozwoju muzycznego dziecka i jego wszechstronnej edukacji muzycznej, jak też kompetencji ówczesnych nauczycieli muzyki. Zamieszczane w czasopiśmie artykuły miały przyczynić się do większego zaintereso- wania i motywacji do uczenia się muzyki.
EN
The interwar period was a period of a dramatically decreasing interest of the Polish society in music. The reaction to this state of affairs was its broad promotion as part of, inter alia, musical education in schools. At the time when Poland regained its independence, it was not only a pioneering activity on our soil, but also was it very important for deepening national and cultural awareness. This time also saw an increase in the importance of Polish music. A wide range of musical issues of that period were the subject of numerous discussions, which took place on many levels. One of the forums consisted of Polish magazines, including the pedagogical and musical monthly magazine “Muzyka w Szkole” (“Music at the School”). The articles published in this periodical, being now of great historical value, are a source of knowledge about Polish musical education during the interwar period.
EN
Two works: the painting by Swiss painter Arnold Böcklin and the poem by the Young Poland poet Zofia Gordziałkowska inspired by that painting are the subject of considerations. Both works have the same title - Pan Amongst the Reeds. Comparative analysis allowed determining to what extent the poetic version of the subject is true to the painted original - do we deal with a description of the painting, a lyric comment to it and an attempt at reading it ormaybe it was just the reason for developing a king of reflection going far beyond the work by Böcklin. The poem, treating the subject presented in the painting (the mythological Pan) asa synonym of an artist complaining and hankering after something unspecified, leads to theconclusion that arts hinder enjoying life. On the other hand, treating the subject as a representative of the nature or personification of life reduces that life to using it, to the sensual intoxication. The originality of the poet is represented by deviation from convention in understanding the landscape functioning in symbolism. She processes the subject undertakenby Böcklin in the way aiming at highlighting not only the value of the art but, first, the value of life.
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