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EN
The myth of Paris, formed in the Russian literature of the 18th – early 19th centuries, is an expression of the mythological consciousness in which the ‘space – time’ dichotomy is cyclical: it is a myth of eternal return. This Parisian myth was based on a set of oppositions between the cultural and intellectual orientations in the two countries. The Russian consciousness was characterized by a sense of lack of liberty and by inclination for reflection and hesitation, whereas the enlightened France prided itself on the clarity and concreteness of its thinking and was highly aware of its pioneering role in the political and cultural world of its time. Therefore, the Russian Parisian myth was accompanied by the motifs of travel, escape, release – an ‘eternal return’ to a dream. Several generations of Russian writers, from Trediakovsky to Pushkin, impressed it on the mythological consciousness of their readers by establishing an image of Paris as a feast of life, as a city of exceptional power of expression.
EN
An important role in the process of image cultivation is played by the technologies, related to the appeal to the archaic layers of mass consciousness, in particular, to the use of archetypes. Analysis of the images of the leading Ukrainian politicians – Arseniy Yacenyuk, Yuliya Timoshenko and Vitaliy Klichko – in 2009–2014 testifies that all of them used as a basis of image-building the archetypes of Hero and Warrior in different variations, such as Hero-warrior, Cultural hero, Lady-warrior. The progress of the use of this technology depends significantly on the personal qualities of each politician, as well as on the social and the political circumstances.
PL
W artykule poddano analizie istotę mitów politycznych, ich strukturę oraz podstawowe funkcje. Opisano także cechy ukraińskiego mitu politycznego. Mity polityczne rozumiane są jako skuteczny instrument wpływu na kulturę polityczną i świadomość obywateli, do których sięgają współcześni ukraińscy politycy w celach walki politycznej lub utrzymania władzy. Artykuł skupia uwagę na destrukcyjnej roli mitów politycznych w rozwoju współczesnego społeczeństwa ukraińskiego. Autorzy utrzymują, że wraz z rozwojem społeczeństwa informacyjnego mity polityczne stają się bardziej adaptacyjne i nabywają umiejętności tworzenia iluzji rzeczywistości, a jego manipulacyjne oddziaływanie staje się coraz bardziej dyskretne i mało dostrzegalne. Taki rodzaj wpływu często prowadzi do symulacji zasad demokracji, przygnębienia i bierności obywateli. Minimalizować manipulacje świadomości społecznej można m.in. za pomocą podniesienia poziomu kultury politycznej i świadomości obywateli, tworzenia otwartego systemu komunikacji między władzą a obywatelami czy rozwoju niezależnych mediów.
EN
The essence of political myths, their structure and key functions have been analyzed in the article. The peculiarities of the political myths’ creation in the Ukrainian society have been also characterized. It has been determined that political myths are an effective tool of influencing the political culture and consciousness of the citizens and that they are being used by the present-day Ukrainian politicians in order to gain and keep power. The attention to the predominantly destructive role of political myths in the development of modern Ukrainian society has also been drawn in the article. The authors claim that with the development of the information society a political myth is becoming more adaptive and gains the ability to create an illusion of reality and its manipulative influence is becoming more masterly and less noticeable. This influence often leads to the simulation of the democratic principles, depression and passive attitude of the citizens. It is possible to minimize the social consciousness manipulation through raising the level of the political culture and consciousness of the citizens, forming an open communication system between authorities and citizens, developing independent mass media, etc.
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