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Ewolucja instytucji zatarcia skazania w polskim prawie karnym z perspektywy European Criminal Records Information System – zagadnienia wybrane

100%
Pawlik R.
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
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2014
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issue 1
115-149
EN
Criminal law as it’s traditionally seen is a set of standards defining socially harmful acts, referred to as crimes, determining the responsibility for these acts and the penalties, sanctions and protective measures applied against the perpetrators. More than any other branch of law, criminal law reflects social attitudes towards specific cultural, moral and financial issues, demonstrating susceptibility to social changes, in principle denying its inter-culturalism, and exemplifying an extremely strong rooting in a specific culture. The concept of the European integration, together with ongoing globalization, have caused a shift in the way of thinking about the functioning of not only global society, countries or international institutions, but have also been changing the feeling of identity of individuals and their identification with a specific group or community. At the same time, the free flow of persons supporting the phenomenon of multi-culturalism, so characteristic for the concept of the European integration, has been determining the transnational nature of crime to a greater extent than before. This transnational character enforces, simultaneously, the development of the tools habitually designed for counteracting crime, including, first of all, traditionally understood criminal law. One example is the Erasure of Conviction in the Polish Criminal Law from the Perspective of the European Criminal Records Information System.
2
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Realizacja volonté générale w systemie demokracji przedstawicielskiej - perspektywa rozważań Raymonda Carré de Malberga

72%
Ausustyniak M.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
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2020
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issue 4 (56)
325-339
PL
Artykuł jest próbą zestawienia sformułownej przez J.J. Rousseau idei volonté générale z rozwiązaniami ustrojowymi zaproponowanymi przez R.C. Malberga. Strasburski konstytucjonalista dostrzegał niedomagania systemu politycznego III Republiki związane ówczesną nieefektywnością władzy wykonawczej, połączonej z supremacją parlamentu. Zdaniem uczonego w realiach demokracji przedstawicielskiej głosowania często zdominowane są dyscypliną partyjną oraz kryteriami ilościowymi. Ten typ podejścia może sprzyjać opacznemu rozumieniu volonté générale, którą należy traktować jako kategorię jakościową ukierunkowaną na realizację dobra wspólnego. Zaproponowane przez Malberga rozwiązania zmierzały do wzmocnienia instytucji referendum najpełniej wyrażającej suwerenność narodu oraz tworzącej podstawy legitymizacji systemu polityczno-prawnego.
EN
Deliberations of Raymond Carré de Malberg The article concerns the comparison of the idea volonté générale proposed by J.J. Rousseau with the political solutions put forward by R.C. Malberg. The constitutionalist from Strasburg noticed some flaws of the political system of the French Third Republic. The flaws were connected with the lack of the efficiency of the connected with the supremacy of the parliament executive power. In the opinion of the scientist, in the reality of representative democracy, voting is often dominated by the party discipline and some quantitative criteria. Such an approach may favor the misinterpretation of the volonté générale, which should be treated as a qualitative category focused on the realization of the common good. The solutions proposed by Malberg aimed at strengthening the institution of referendum. The institution fully expressed the sovereignty of the nation and created the basis for the legitimacy of the political and legal system.
3
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Ogólnokrajowe referendum inicjowane przez obywateli a polskie prawo referendalne

72%
Kryszeń G.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
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2020
|
issue 4 (56)
425-441
PL
Głównym celem niniejszego opracowania jest ustosunkowanie się do postulatu przyznania obywatelom uprawnienia do wiążącego inicjowania referendum. Kluczowe znaczenie w tym kontekście ma pytanie, czy takiego postulatu nie należałoby potraktować jako tylko typowego przejawu populizmu politycznego i tym samym go odrzucić, czy jednak poprzeć go, uznając instytucję referendum inicjowanego przez obywateli za czynnik sprzyjający pełniejszemu urzeczywistniania idei rządów demokratycznych, niegrożący destabilizacją i dysfunkcjonalnością systemu politycznego. Przeprowadzona w artykule analiza dowodzi, iż instytucji tej nie można dyskredytować, ponieważ widzieć w niej należy potrzebny element procesu sprawowania władzy w państwie demokratycznym. Osiągnięciu przez nią takiej roli w polskiej praktyce ustrojowej może sprzyjać zaproponowana regulacja prawna.
EN
The main aim of this study is to respond to the call to give citizens the power to initiate a referendum in a binding way. The key question in this context is whether such a postulate should not be treated as just a typical manifestation of political populism and thus rejected, or whether it should be supported by recognizing the institution of a referendum initiated by the citizens as a factor conducive to a more complete implementation of the idea of democratic rule, without threatening the destabilization and dysfunctionality of the political system. The analysis carried out in the article proves that this institution cannot be discredited because it should be seen as a necessary element of the process of exercising power in a democratic state. The proposed legal regulation may be conducive to achieving such a role in Polish political practice.
4
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Концептуалізація громадянства у філософії історії Михайла Грушевскього

72%
Karas A.
Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie
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2017
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vol. 4
XX
The proposed text, based on the creative achievements of M. Hrushevskyi, put forward dual purpose: 1) to prove that his theoretical views were formed in the context of the paradigm of а philosophy of history, in contrast to the historiosophy; 2) to demonstrate that the recognition of historical evolution and social progress consciously determined by leading concepts of his philosophy of history, critical among which are regarded as people, community, public order, citizenship, democratic national republic. The article deals with methodological peculiarities of interpretation of historical evolution and meaning of Ukrainian national identity in the works of prominent Ukrainian historian and sociologist. Key concepts in theoretical scientific views are formed in the broader context of European development theory and practice of civil society in its distinction from political power and the state. M. Hrushevskyі prefers “self-governing communities” and “genetic citizenship” relatively to the national state and believes that the main factors of their historical development are аn education, a scientific knowledge and the formation of the secular sphere. On the basis of delineated ideas and principles which are clearly rational, we propose to define its theoretical paradigm as appropriate to the intellectual tradition “philosophy of history” and not “historiosophy”. The concept of “citizenship” plays in the creative laboratory of Hrushevskyi main role regarding his interpretation of the historical evolution of mankind. According to him, Ukrainian history is an integral part of European culture of civil self-government or civic municipality. The formation of the national state, in his opinion, cannot be a political end in itself but is a prerequisite for folk revival and ensuring civil liberties and human rights. At the heart of the historical evolution as such lies the cultural development of self-governing communities that through educated mind, scientific advances, liberal and social-democratic reforms leads to changing the status of the subjected person to the citizen.
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