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Two routes to closure: Time pressure and goal activation effects on executive control

100%
Kossowska M., Bukowski M., Czarnek G.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2014
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vol. 45
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issue 3
268-274
EN
In the present study the impact of need for cognitive closure (NFC) manipulations via time pressure and explicit closure goal activation on executive control was investigated. Although there is some evidence that NFC, measured as an individual variable, is related to better performing in attentional tasks involving executive control, these results have never been validated across different manipulations of NFC. Thus, in the present study we induced NFC via internal and external time pressure and tested the impact of these manipulations on the performance in tasks that measure executive control, i.e., the Stroop and switching tasks. The results revealed that induced high (vs. low) NFC, indeed boosted performance in executive control tasks. Moreover, there was no difference in the effect of both NFC manipulations on task performance. The implications regarding the role of executive control and specific NFC manipulations in social cognition are discussed.
2
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The influence of need for closure on expectations about and outcomes of negotiations

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Pietrzak J., Jochemczyk Ł., Serbin P., Kuśka M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2014
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vol. 45
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issue 3
286-295
EN
Need for closure is a construct that describes a motivational tendency to quickly select and prioritize information in the environment. Such tendencies can affect the process of negotiations, and so the quality of their outcome. The rigidity that accompanies high need for closure can lead to less openness to proposals that benefit one’s partner, and to solutions that are less optimal. We conducted a study in which 34 pairs of individuals negotiated. Pairs were matched in terms of need for closure (high vs. low) and gender. We found that need for closure affected subjective evaluations of certain aspects of the negotiation process. Participants with low need for closure were more likely to indicate that they and their partners sought win-win solutions during the negotiation. This led to a greater sense of process fairness for the negotiation. These results can be taken into consideration when teaching negotiations, and when planning real-life negotiations.
3
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The development of the Humor Structure Appreciation Scale and its relation to Sensation Seeking Inventory and Need for Closure Scale

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Sulejmanov F., Spasovski O., Platt T.
The European Journal of Humour Research
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2018
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vol. 6
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issue 1
EN
Three related studies are presented with the aim of investigating the individual differences in humour appreciation, sensation seeking and need for closure. In order to accomplish this, the construction and initial validation of a new instrument will be presented. The Humour Structure Appreciation Scale (HSAS) distinguishes between incongruity-resolution (INC-RES), and nonsense (NON) humour. The first study analyses the content validity of a broad item pool. The second study focused on the metric properties of the selected items. In the third study, the remaining jokes were given to a quota sample from Macedonia, along with measures of sensation seeking (Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking) and need for closure (Need for Closure Scale). Psychometric properties of the scales were investigated and showed to be satisfactory. Intercorrelations among the scales provide evidence for the construct validity of the HSAS.
4
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Need for closure and cognitive structuring among younger and older adults

88%
Kossowska M., Jaśko K., Bar-Tal Y.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2012
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vol. 43
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issue 1
40-49
EN
The paper reported two correlational studies. The aim of the Study 1 was to examine the hypothesis that age moderates the relationship between need for closure (NFC) and cognitive structuring. Results of the study revealed that aging with increased need for closure was associated with better recognition of irrelevant information than schema-relevant items, in testing hypotheses about the target person. These findings are interpreted as demonstrating the age-associated failure of cognitive abilities (i.e., low efficacy at fulfilling the need for closure), reducing tendency to behave according to the level of epistemic motivation. The results of Study 2 demonstrated that older participants are characterized by higher NFC but by lower EFNC than young participants. These results are consistent with the conclusion that the negative relationships between NFC and cognitive structuring demonstrated by the older participants in Study 1 can be attributed to their lower level of EFNC.
5
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Individual differences and attitudes towards the Government's Remembrance Policy

75%
Wawrzyński P., Muszyński M. A., Czarnek G., Schattkowsky R.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2015
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vol. 44
125-139
EN
The paper presents results of the experimental study on the government’s remembrance policy, attitudes towards it, and the influence of remembrance narratives. It discusses individual differences of participants on three different grounds: (1) interest in history or politics, and level of historical knowledge, (2) features of cognitive motivation measured by the need for closure questionnaire: preference of order, desire for predictability, discomfort with ambiguity, closed mindedness and decisiveness, and (3) response to the presented narrative, including inspired emotions and an assessment of a story. Collected data and research observations offer an interesting and valuable insight into relationships between various factors and citizen’s support for the remembrance policy. They also lead the team to formulate three conclusions which may be used to develop theoretical understandings of this aspect of politics within political science and related disciplines.
6
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Kiedy potrzeba domknięcia sprzyja złożonemu poznaniu

63%
Strojny P., Kossowska M., Strojny A.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 1
9-42
PL
Teoria naiwnego poznania jest jednym z najbardziej wpływowych podejść opisujących proces nabywania wiedzy. Zgodnie z nią o przebiegu procesu epistemicznego decyduje w pierwszej kolejności motywacja do uzyskania domknięcia poznawczego. W większości przypadków duże natężenie tej motywacji wiąże się z uproszczonym i przyspieszonym przetwarzaniem informacji. Fakt ten może prowadzić do nadmiernie uproszczonego rozumienia tej zmiennej. W rzeczywistości istnieją przesłanki do twierdzenia, że w pewnych okolicznościach typowa zależność ulega odwróceniu. Artykuł zawiera przegląd badań potwierdzających to przewidywanie. Wyniki przeanalizowano ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dwóch postulatów teorii: dwóch faz procesu epistemicznego i dwoistej natury potrzeby poznawczego domknięcia.
EN
Lay epistemic theory is one of the most popular theoretical frameworks describing the knowledge formation process. According to it, the central variable determining the epistemic process is the need for cognitive closure. In most cases, high levels of this motivation are associated with simplified and accelerated processing of information. This can lead to an overly simplified understanding of this variable. In fact, there are reasons to believe that the typical relationship is reversed under certain circumstances. The paper is a review of the research supporting this prediction. Results were analyzed with particular emphasis on two postulates of the theory: the two phases of the epistemic process and the dual nature of the need for cognitive closure.
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