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EN
This article focuses on the role of need for cognitive closure in the process of mental model creation about social relations (i.e. social cliques). We assumed that high (vs. low) need for closure participants tend to rely on background category information when forming social cliques. We predicted that this tendency to employ categorical information as a mental aid, used in order to form social cliques, would be efficient in simple task structures (where category information overlaps with the mental model structure) but would lead to increased error rates in complex task structures (where category information is inconsistent with the model structure). The results confirmed our predictions, showing especially strong effects for the decisiveness component of need for closure. The importance of individual differences in need for closure and decisiveness in social reasoning is discussed.
EN
The article describes the construction process of Deductive Flexibility Test  considered a difficult deductive reasoning measure – and the research on correlations between fluency in difficult deductive reasoning and other cognitive abilities. The main goal in the research was to examine the relations between Deductive Flexibility Test scores and results of Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices – fluid intelligence test. Additionally, the measures of the need for cognitive closure and epistemological understanding were included in the study. The results of the study revealed that Deductive Flexibility Test is a reliable instrument and thus can be used for research purposes. We found low or even no statistically significant correlations between the chosen variables. The directions of further research are discussed.
EN
The study concisely introduces the construct of the need for cognitive closure, the history of its measurement and the Czech version of the Brief Need for Cognitive Closure Scale (NFCS- 15-CZ). The goal of the study is to present the basic psychometric properties of the NFCS-15- CZ – its factor validity, measurement invariance and reliability. Analyses use two samples from projects Paths to adulthood (N = 1405) and From Decisiveness to Authoritarianism (N = 1367). The results of confirmatory models support unidimensional interpretation of the scale and sufficient internal consistency in line with published properties of the original version. The unidimensional model is invariant with respect to gender, mode of administration and repeated administration. A weakness of the scale lies in its uneven coverage of all the construct’s facets. Discussed shortcomings of the scale related to its shortness and limitations of some items imply the scale should be used in research preferably in structural models.
CS
Studie představuje konstrukt potřeby kognitivního uzavření, historii jeho měření a českou verzi Krátké škály potřeby kognitivního uzavření (NFCS-15-CZ). Cílem studie je prezentovat základní psychometrické charakteristiky škály NFCS-15-CZ – faktorovou validitu, invarianci měření a reliabilitu. Analýzy využívají dvou vzorků z projektů Cesty do dospělosti (N = 1405) a Od rozhodnosti k autoritářství (N = 1367). Výsledky konfirmačních analýz podporují jednofaktorovou interpretaci škály a svědčí pro její přijatelnou vnitřní konzistenci, v souladu s parametry původní anglické verze. Jednofaktorový model měření se jeví být invariantní vzhledem k pohlaví, způsobu administrace i opakovanému měření. Slabinou škály je nerovnoměrné pokrytí všech faset konstruktu. Diskutované nedostatky škály spojené s její krátkostí a nedostatky některých položek ji určují spíše k výzkumnému užití ve strukturních modelech.
EN
The need for cognitive closure is a tendency to having a clear and unquestionable knowledgeof a particular subject, through which individual can reduce uncertainty, formulate judgement andtake action. The need for structure is a tendency to structure and organize the environment. Theaim of the study was to identify gender differences in both of these motivational constructs. Contrary to the hypotheses, with respect to the total score of both the scale examining the need forcognitive closure and the scale of the need for structure, results were obtained indicating thatwomen were characterized by a higher level of these types of epistemic motivations in comparisonto men.
PL
Potrzeba poznawczego domknięcia jest tendencją jednostki do posiadania jasnej i niekwestionowanej wiedzy na dany temat, dzięki której może ona zredukować niepewność, sformułować osąd i podjąć działanie. Potrzeba prostej struktury to skłonność jednostki do strukturyzowania i organizowania otoczenia. Celem przeprowadzonego badania była identyfikacja różnic międzypłciowych w obu tych konstruktach motywacyjnych. Przeciwnie do sformułowanych hipotez, w odniesieniu do łącznego wyniku podskal, zarówno skali badającej potrzebę poznawczego domknięcia, jak i skali potrzeby prostej struktury, uzyskano wyniki wskazujące, że kobiety cechują się wyższym poziomem tych przejawów motywacji epistemicznej w porównaniu do mężczyzn.
EN
The paper considers the following hypothesis: humans’ need for cognitive closure reduces the usage of historical observations in judgmental forecasts only in horizontal trends. To test this hypothesis, three studies were conducted. In each, participants forecasted the next, unknown observation using the previous time series. The analysis concentrated on trend analysis and how the trends in historical data are used as the basis for forecasting depending on psychological traits, in particular cognitive closure.
PL
W artykule została przedstawiona hipoteza, że potrzeba domknięcia poznawczego wpływa na ograniczone wykorzystanie informacji ujętych w historycznych danych podczas tworzenia prognoz tylko w przypadku trendów bocznych. W celu weryfikacji tej hipotezy zrealizowano trzy eksperymenty, w każdym z nich uczestnicy prognozowali przyszłą wartość na podstawie dostępnego szeregu czasowego. Skupiono się na analizie trendów. Zbadano, w jaki sposób trendy w danych historycznych są wykorzystywane jako podstawa tworzenia prognoz w zależności od psychologicznych inklinacji, w szczególności potrzeby domknięcia poznawczego.
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