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EN
The dynamic development of humanity and globalization have led to changes in understanding the family, both by ordinary people and scientists. The article deals with the perception of the contemporary family by Poles, as well as with its security environment and fulfilling the need for security of its members. To discuss this issues, the author points out the inaccuracies and terminological differences concerning the concept of family. Then he characterizes the security environment of the contemporary family according to the eight-element concept of Juliusz Piwowarski. Finally, he analyzes several selected reports from the CBOS research from 2017–2019 regarding the family and its perception by Poles. This allows the author to propose his own definition of a (contemporary) family. The analysis also leads to the conclusion that despite changes and differences in perceiving the family, it invariably remains the most important value for Poles, and its main tasks include fulfilling the need for security of its members.
EN
The concept of security is presented ambiguously depending on the scientific discipline. From a sociological point of view, it means an objective state of no threat, integrally associated with subjective, emotional, psychological deprivation of space as safe, otherwise referred to as a sense of security. In turn, in legal terms, it means all conditions and social institutions protecting the state and citizens against phenomena dangerous to the legal order and to the life and health of citizens. From a psychological point of view, the need for security is one of the fundamental needs of both individual individuals and entire social groups. Its satisfaction provides a sense of confidence and a guarantee of lack or minimal risk threatening valuable values such as life, health, optimal living standards and material goods. Everyone, to fulfil their tasks assigned to the social role, must feel safe. This is particularly important in the case of people who, because of their profession, are supposed to protect security and other people, and such a professional group is the Prison Service. The paper presents the results of the research carried out using the Uchanst’s Sense of Security Questionnaire of the Confederation of National Defence among officers of the Prison Service who undergo vocational training at the Central Training Centre of the Prison Service in Kalisz. The research has shown a optimal level of general sense of security and factors which make up the sense of security syndrome, which is, the sense of closeness, stability and mutual trust.
DE
Der Streit zwischen den Befürwortern der Vision des Kosmos und der Menschheit als Harmonie und Ordnung (in einer tiefen Struktur) und den Befürwortern der Vision des Kosmos und der Menschheit als Konflikt, als „Kampf der Gegensätze“, geht auf die Anfänge der Philosophie zurück. Die Lehre der Pythagoreer war harmonisch, die Lehre des Heraklit dynamisch. Beim Nachdenken über die Wertekonflikte werde ich den mir näheren dialektischen Weg des Heraklit gehen. Daher denke ich, dass Widersprüche (auch in dem, was die Menschen für gut und wertvoll halten) die „treibende Kraft der Geschichte“ sind. Es scheint – und das ist die Hauptthese dieses Artikels –, dass wir es derzeit (auf globaler Ebene) mit einem Konflikt zweier Wertegruppen zu tun haben: Auf der einen Seite ist es das Bedürfnis nach Freiheit, verbunden mit Universalismus und Individualismus, auf der anderen Seite das Bedürfnis nach spiritueller und sozialer Sicherheit, verbunden mit Partikularismus und Gemeinschaft. Diese Spannung ist eine der Ursachen für die Beschleunigung (und nicht das „Ende der Geschichte“): Erstens hängt sie mit der Tendenz einer „Flucht vor der Freiheit“ zusammen, das heißt, sich von der liberalen Demokratie mit Dreiteilung von Gewalten hin zu zentralisierten und autoritären Regimen zu bewegen; zweitens mit der Gestaltung – im geopolitischen Bereich – eines neuen bipolaren Systems, dessen Katalysator der Krieg in der Ukraine ist.
EN
TThe dispute between the supporters of the vision of the cosmos and humanity as harmony and order (deeply structured) and the supporters of the vision of the cosmos and humanity as a conflict, the “struggle of opposites”, goes back to the beginning of philosophy. The doctrine of the Pythagoreans was harmonious, the doctrine of Heraclitus was dynamic. I will follow the dialectical path of Heraclitus (which is closer to me), reflecting on the conflict of values. Thus, I think that contradictions-also in what people consider to be precious, good and valuable-are “the driving force of history.” It seems-and this is the main thesis of this article-that we are currently dealing (on a global scale) with a conflict of two sets of values: on the one hand, it is the need for freedom, related to universalism and individualism, and on the other hand, the need for spiritual and social security, related to particularism and collectivism. This tension is one of the causes of the “acceleration of history” and not of the “end of history”: first, it is related to the tendency to “escape from freedom”, namely to move away from liberal democracy (with tripartite powers) towards centralized and authoritarian regimes; secondly, it is related to the formation-in the geopolitical sphere-of a new bipolar system, the catalyst of which is the war in Ukraine.
PL
Spór między zwolennikami wizji kosmosu i ludzkości jako harmonii i ładu (w głębokiej strukturze) oraz zwolennikami wizji kosmosu i ludzkości jako konfliktu, „walki przeciwieństw”, sięga korzeniami do początku filozofii. Harmonijna była doktryna pitagorejczyków, dynamiczna doktryna Heraklita. Zastanawiając się nad konfliktami wartości, będę kroczył – bliższą mi – dialektyczną ścieżką Heraklita. Sądzę przeto, że sprzeczności (również w tym, co ludzie uznają za cenne, dobre, wartościowe) są „napędem dziejów”. Wydaje się – i to jest główna teza tego artykułu – że mamy obecnie do czynienia (w skali globalnej) z konfliktem dwóch zestawów wartości: z jednej strony jest to potrzeba wolności, powiązana z uniwersalizmem i indywidualizmem, z drugiej strony – potrzeba bezpieczeństwa duchowego i socjalnego, powiązana z partykularyzmem oraz wspólnotowością. Owo napięcie jest jedną z przyczyn akceleracji, a nie „końca historii”: po pierwsze, wiąże się z tendencją do „ucieczki od wolności”, czyli do odchodzenia od liberalnej demokracji z trójpodziałem władz w kierunku ustrojów scentralizowanych i autorytarnych; po drugie, z kształtowaniem się – w sferze geopolitycznej – nowego układu dwubiegunowego, którego katalizatorem jest wojna w Ukrainie.
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