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EN
The author has attempted to answer the following question: what role negativity plays as a criterion for the selection of information and what role it plays in shaping public opinion about the Catholic Church and whether this message, in which there is reference to something negative, favors the use of negative frame by press authors. The background of the analysis is the premiere of Wojciech Smarzowski’s film “Kler”. The research was aimed at determining the correlation between the presence of the category of negativism in the events of the public agenda and the manner of assigning news to the negative interpretation framework. The research material consists of press articles regarding the identity and activity of the Catholic Church, which have been published in the following national weekly opinion weeklies: “Newsweek Polska”, “Polityka”, “Do Rzeczy”, “Sieci” in the period 1.10–15.11.2018. The author uses press content analysis method and the synthesis and analysis method.
EN
The article presents a reconstruction of psychological issues intakes of individual resistance. Among them are those which define resistance as a tendency, motivational state, mental state or type of relationship. There is also a model of resistance in the context of confrontation with authority and the theory of persuasion. Ultimately, it allows to formulate the proposals for a common denominator of the various positions and highlight the possibility of an empirical reflection of the phenomenon. In this context, the theoretical basis and the psychometric properties of the main tools to measure resistance were also presented.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano rekonstrukcję psychologicznych ujęć zagadnienia indywidualnego oporu. Wśród nich znalazły się stanowiska definiujące opór jako dyspozycję, stan motywacyjny, stan mentalny lub typ relacji. Uwzględniono również ujęcie oporu w kontekście konfrontacji z autorytetem oraz w perspektywie teorii perswazji. W efekcie pozwoliło to na sformułowanie propozycji wspólnego mianownika różnych stanowisk oraz uwypuklenie możliwości empirycznego ujęcia zjawiska indywidualnego oporu. W tym kontekście zaprezentowane zostały również teoretyczne podstawy oraz psychometryczne właściwości kluczowych narzędzi pomiaru indywidualnego oporu.
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