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Татарская литература рубежа XX–XXI веков: трансформация реализма

100%
Zagidullina D.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
|
2018
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vol. 1
309-320
EN
The scientific novelty of work consists in the appeal to modern Tatar literary process which remains almost not investigated. The choice for the analysis of works of the Tatar literature has been caused, first of all, by the novelty of their esthetic concept. Relevant texts of the Tatar prose writers in the development plan for national art of literature are considered, the main vectors of the movement of historico-literary process are traced. As a result of the conducted research, the art and esthetic nature of the realism in modern Tatar prose incorporating elements of other art systems is established. Content and volume of the concepts ‘literary direction’, ‘current’, ‘post-realism’, ‘post-colonial literature’, ‘classical realism’ are specified in relation to the modern national historico-literary process.
2

NATO Summit in Wales: From global megatrends to the new Euro-Atlanticism

84%
Vukadinović L. Č., Begović M.
Croatian International Relations Review
|
2014
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vol. 20
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issue 71
11-41
EN
Numerous representatives of theories of international relations, security theories or alliance theories have examined the new role of the North Atlantic Alliance or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the post-bipolar world. Parallel with the theoretical examination of goals and tasks, NATO has transformed itself in practice, following the realities of the contemporary global era. In trying to achieve and keep the primacy of the strongest military- political organization, the Alliance has - especially in the Strategic Concept adopted in Lisbon in 2010-set the normative and institutional foundations of its global engagement, fulfilling the military (hard) and a wide array of non-military (soft) security challenges. This strategy has given rise to "Euro-Atlanticism", as a subsystem of international relations based on strong American-European relations, to fit with the process of regionalization of global politics. However, the 2013-2014 crisis in Ukraine has turned the focus of interest and activities of NATO once again primarily to Europe and it has stressed the importance and necessity of strengthening Euro-Atlantic security and defence ties. The most powerful member of the Alliance, the United States, is again strongly engaged in Europe and Russia, as a kind of successor to the Soviet Union, is once more detected as a major threat to European security. There have been many aspects of theories of international relations that have tried to explain the dynamic of the post-Cold War international community. However, the approach based on neo-realistic assumptions of the role of a security community, collective defence and the use of military force has proved to be dominant. NATO will continue to work on its political dimension as an alliance of the democratic world and the September 2014 Wales Summit will certainly mark the return of NATO to its roots, strengthening its security and military dimensions in the collective defence of Europe from Russia.
3
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Doktryna Trumpa i realizm imperatywny w polityce zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych na przykładzie relacji z Europą, Koreą Północną, Iranem i Chinami (2016–2019)

67%
Lisewski M.
Społeczeństwo i Polityka
|
2019
|
issue 4(61)
103-122
PL
John R. Haines już w 2016 r., na łamach artykułu pt. Divining a “Trump Doctrine”, dostrzegł, jak zbieżne są główne postulaty przyszłego 45. prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych w zakresie polityki zagranicznej z opublikowanym w 1941 r. programem „Pryncypia Ameryki przede wszystkim”. Choć główne cele polityki zagranicznej mocarstw są naturalnie mało podatne na zmiany radykalne, ich wymiary, paradygmat oraz sposób realizacji w trakcie każdej z kadencji prezydentów USA się różniły. Głównym problemem badawczym niniejszej pracy jest charakter polityki zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych za czasów kadencji Donalda Trumpa. Zmiany w zakresie polityki zagranicznej badane są na podstawie czterech głównych płaszczyzn: stosunków międzynarodowych na linii USA– Europa, Korea Północna, Iran, Chiny. Zauważalna zmiana stosunku wobec polityki fi nansowania NATO dotycząca zwłaszcza niektórych państw europejskich, polityka „łagodzenia bandytów” w wymiarze relacji z Koreą Północną, od 2018 r. empirycznie dostrzegalna intensyfi kacja rywalizacji na linii Waszyngton–Pekin, objawiająca się ostatecznie m.in. w tzw. wojnie handlowej, a także gwałtowne zaostrzenie stosunków z Iranem to wydarzenia, a raczej procesy, które wydają się mieć kluczowe znaczenie dla analizy zmieniających się pryncypiów w zakresie polityki zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych.
EN
As early as 2016, in the article entitled Divining a “Trump Doctrine” John R. Haines showed how similar the main demands of the future forty-fi fth President of the United States in foreign policy were to the America First Principles released in 1941. Although the powers’ main foreign policy goals are naturally not very susceptible to radical changes, their dimensions, paradigms and implementation methods varied between terms of the United States Presidents. The main research problem of the article is the nature of the US foreign affairs during the term of Donald Trump. Foreign policy developments are examined at four main levels – US relations with Europe, North Korea, Iran and China. In recent years, there has been a change in the US attitude to NATO fi nancing, especially in the discourse about European troops. Relations with North Korea have improved signifi cantly. Since 2018, the rivalry between Washington and Beijing has become more fi erce and subsequently transformed into a trade war over time. Analysing the most important affairs allows to identify and understand the main principles of the United States’ actual foreign policy.
4
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Reflexiones sobre la política exterior mexicana en el marco de la globalización y la posguerra fría

67%
Moloeznik M. P., Minor P. S.
Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales
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2015
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vol. 2
EN
In order to present the essential elements of Mexican foreign policy, the author conducts a review of the system of international relations, with special emphasis on globalization, securitization and the so-called “new capitalism” as well as an exploration of Post-Cold War and the role of the United States as a superpower in the concert of nations on the basis of neorealism as a theory of international relations.
ES
Con el objeto de dar cuenta de las notas esenciales de la política exterior mexicana, se lleva a cabo una revisión del sistema de relaciones internacionales, con especial énfasis en la globalización, la securitización y el denominado “nuevo capitalismo”, así como una exploración de la posguerra fría y el rol de los Estados Unidos como superpotencia en el concierto de las naciones, a partir del análisis del neorrealismo como teoría de la relaciones internacionales.
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