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PL
Malarstwo szkoły kuzkeńskiej rozwijało się w mieście Cusco oraz w całym regionie kuzkeńskim w XVII i XVIII wieku. Jego wpływ nie ograniczał się jednak do tego obszaru. W licznych źródłach znaleźć można informacje na temat wpływu malarstwa z Cusco na odległe regiony Wicekrólestwa Peru. Istnieje silnie zakorzeniona tradycja uznająca malarstwo kuzkeńskie za przejaw kulturowego krzyżowania ras. Z łatwością można wskazać na hiszpańskie (kolonialne) oraz tubylcze (indiańskie) cechy reprezentacyjne, zarówno w aspekcie formalnym, jak i semantycznym. Malarstwo kuzkeńskie nie jest sprawą mi-nioną. Obecnie istnieją pracownie, w których powstają obrazy neobarokowe, stylistycznie naśladujące ten rodzaj malarstwa. Chciałabym zaprezentować pochodzące z nich barokowe płótna oraz kolejne etapy pracy nad nimi, wykorzystując badania terenowe z roku 2013, a także zdjęcia zrobione w Galería de Artesanía „Fenix” w Cusco, którą prowadzi Luis Alfredo Pacheco Venero. W tym kontekście istotne znaczenie ma namysł nad „cusqueñismo”, zjawiskiem typowym dla Cusco z okresu lat dwudziestych XX wieku. Zastano- wić się należy, czy obejmuje ono tylko tradycję Inków, czy również sztukę kolonialną. Współcześnie poszukiwanie tożsamości regionalnej nie ogranicza się bowiem do epoki prekolumbijskiej, ale coraz częściej doceniane jest dziedzictwo kolonialne.
EN
Painting of the Cusco school developed in the city itself and in the Cusco region in the 17th and 18th centuries. Its influence was not limited to this area; information about the presence of paintings from Cusco in distant regions of the Viceroyalty of Peru can be found in numerous sources. The tradition which acknowledged Cuscan painting to be a manifestation of cultural mestizaje is extremely strong. We can easily point at Spanish (Colonial) as well as native (Indian) features in both formal and semantic aspects of representations. However, Cuscan painting is not a matter of the past; nowadays there are still workshops which produce neo-baroque pictures, stylistically imitating former painting. I would like to present neo-baroque canvas and subsequent stages of work on them, using field research from 2013 and photographs taken in Galería de Artesanía „Fenix” in Cusco, run by Luis Alfredo Pacheco Venero. What is important in the summary is reflections on “cusqueñismo”, a phenomenon typical of the city since the 1920s and wondering whether within its scope there is a place not only for the Inka tradition, but also for the colonial art. Modern searching for regional identity is not limited to the pre-Columbian era, but more and more often highly assesses the Colonial legacy.
EN
It happened around 1970, when as part of the action of renovating the interiors of the Holy Spirit parish church in Żabno and adapting its chancel to the requirements of the liturgy reformed after the Second Vatican Council, the Neo-Baroque uniform design and fittings of interiors were removed and irretrievably destroyed. Now it is known only from the photographic documentation made by an unknown author in the 1940s. On that basis and of the parish chronicles, the appearance of the interior of the single-nave church may be recreated, and an assessment of its historical and architectural values attempted. The interiors of the church (built in 1663-1685 by Rafał Kazimierz Makowiecki, the castellan of Kamieniec Podolski [now Kamianets-Podilskyi in Ukraine] and starost of Trembowla [now Terebovl in Ukraine]) were destroyed by fire in 1888. Repairs were undertaken by the newly appointed parish priest, Antoni Łętkowski (1852-1912), former senator of the cathedral curates of Tarnów. On his initiative a new main altar was then erected by Romuald Łapczyński, with images of Christ crucified and the Descent of the Holy Spirit by Piotr Niziński, a graduate of the Art School in Kraków. The side altars, created by a local artist Józef Sowiński, were consecrated in 1892. Also, the painting was brought to the church depicting the Virgin Mary, painted by the Tarnów artist Zygmunt Grüner (Griner), as well as the picture of St. Anthony of Padua, created by Rev. Bernard Preibisz from Tarnów. The image of the patroness of the church, St. Anne, placed in the side altar, was made by the canon and priest of the Tarnów cathedral parish, Rev. Franciszek Leśniak. A painter-woodcarver-conservationist of interiors from Lwów - Julian Kruczkowski provided the polychrome. Almost all those artists had studied in Vienna or Munich; that is probably the reason why the image of crucified Christ modelled on Van Dyck’s depiction (kept in the imperial collection in Vienna) was placed in the main altar of the church in Żabno. The patronage and interest in arts, as well as painting activity within the Tarnów diocese, is an interesting historical and cultural phenomenon. The article calls attention upon the problem of the provincial artistic community of the former West Galicia region in context of the patronage of the Church, and the issue of renovating the church along the Neo-Baroque model, in conformity with the spirit of the time and the individual features of the architectural shape of the church. For many years that art failed to receive the proper understanding of church managers, parish communities, and sometimes even the authorities of conservationist services (both those representing the church and the state).
EN
The present article attempts to look at space from the vantage point of neobaroque theory. Its aim is to investigate how such Baroque strategies as framing and de-framing transform surface into space staged within the subject. It also analyzes how breaking the frame of representation may be seen as an ontological act dependent on the body and desire, the act allowing for the aestheticization of reality.
PL
Celem artykułu jest spojrzenie na przestrzeń przez pryzmat teorii neobaroku. Artykuł próbuje pokazać, jak barokowe strategie obramowywania i przełamywania ram przekształcają płaszczyznę w przestrzeń usytuowaną wewnątrz podmiotu. Artykuł analizuje również sposób, w jaki przełamywanie ram reprezentacji może być postrzegane jako akt ontologiczny uzależniony od ciała i pożądania, akt, dzięki któremu możliwa staje się estetyzacja rzeczywistości.
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