The study presents an analysis of the evolution and effects of labour market policy in the interwar period and after the economic transition in Poland. Labour market policy was created from scratch in 1918–1939. A similar situation took place after 1989, as labour market policy was practically non-existent during the period of centrallyplanned economy. There has been a perceptible change in the policy priorities in recent years – it has shifted from income-protection measures to active instruments, which should be assessed positively. Nevertheless, it seems that the capacity of labour market policy in Poland has not been fully utilized, hence the postulate of further reforms in order to increase the effectiveness of its impact was presented.
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