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EN
Technology development has changed many aspects of human life. Adjusted usage of social networks tends to be significant, especially at the moment of transfer from studying to professional employment. Researchers claim the significance of Internet tools for planning and starting a career. However, they simultaneously emphasize the growing need to understand this field, which deserves more respect. Background descriptions serve as the basis for the main objective of this article, to verify the utility of the prepared tool and to assess the aim of joining Facebook and networking in general among Polish students.
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In this article the author investigates networking in an academic milieu in Slovenia to obtain information on the academic staff’s perceptions of how formal and informal connections in academia influence the success of a person’s academic career. The analysis is based on ethnographic research and in-depth interviews with academics in the middle of their academic career. The results of the analysis reveal the existence of two kinds of social networks: one based on patron-client relations, and another based on equal and ‘floating’ partnership cooperation and autonomy. The article focuses on gendered dimensions of academic networking and criticises the existance and impact of a male network on male and female academic career progression.
EN
The article focuses on trends and methods as well as tools used for mapping and visualization of scientific domains as a research methodology which is attracting more and more interest from scientific information and science studies professionals; several factors which have contributed to such developments are also discussed. Science mapping or bibliometric mapping is a spatial repre-sentation of how disciplines, fields, specialties, and individual documents or authors are related to one another (Small, 1999). Different approaches have been developed to extract networks using the selected units of analysis (authors, documents, journals, terms, etc.). Furthermore, the authors looks at the most popular computer programs used for the processing of bibliographic and biblio-metric data.. In addition, plans and activities are presented concerning a comprehensive analysis of IRNet project (www.irnet.us.edu.pl) networking activities and numerous publications, using spe-cial ICT tools and study methods, first of all Pajek and presenting a several examples.
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Multitude of competition concepts causes the necessity to search for theories corresponding most appropriately with the real life. Dynamic changes taking place in the economy of the twenty-first century bring new elements, which cannot be disregarded when analyzing modern processes of competing. Big Data, cloud computing and social networking are those aspects of the process of digitization of the economy that disrupted many activities of traditional companies. Easy access to enormous amounts of data makes its effective use become a huge challenge for many companies, as it changes the way they should consider the issue of being competitive. The aim of this article is to provide the review of latest research in the field and to identify the best models to be applied. The results of research confirm that revival of the model of perfect competition is currently observed. Classical analysis of market structures indicates its convergence with the model of virtual competition, which seem to describe best the structures of modern market.
EN
The paper presents the study conducted in the Mokotów district in Warsaw, encompassing circular practices of eight chosen local entities, from private, public, and NGO sectors. The choice was based on the preliminary research showing that the entities were already engaged in some form of the circular transition. The definition of the circular economy applied in the study was based on the one proposed by Kircherr, Reike, and Hekkert [2017] describing a circular economy as an economic system based on business models replacing the ‘end-of-life’ concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling, and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes. The aim is to accomplish sustainable development, by creating environmental quality, economic prosperity, and social equity to the benefit of current and future generations. The goals of the study encompassed: • verification if there is a common understanding of what the circular economy is; • identification and comparison of circular practices introduced by various actors; • identification of existing incentives for circular practices and expected benefits; • pinpointing the obstacles and barriers, both within organisations and outside. The identified practices were also verified to support more specific goals of the circular economy, present in the literature. The findings show that current benefits of the circular transition are limited and the actions are mostly driven by personal involvement. The lack of the support of local administration is evident, as well as the limitation of market solutions. Networking turns are to be one of the most important aspects of efficient circular practices.
EN
The article focuses on the reception of Enrico Prampolini’s work in Polish Avant-garde circles in the 1920s and 1930s. It shows Prampolini as a central figure in “networking” between artists and illustrates how such “networking” phenomena resulted in the popularisation of Italian Futurism in Poland and Polish Avant-garde in Italy. It highlights the range of Prampolini’s contacts with Poland, especially with the «Zwrotnica» circle, Jalu Kurek and Jan Brzękowski, who promoted his theatrical productions and paintings. The outcome of these contacts was most of all a good knowledge of Futurist scenography in Poland, an invitation for Polish scenographers to take part in the “Triennale” which Prampolini organized in 1936 in Milan, and his cooperation with the “a.r.” collection of Modern Art in Łódź. The painting entitled Tarantella (1920), which Prampolini offered to Brzękowski and was installed in Łódź in 1931, testifies to this important collaboration.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the entrepreneurship ecosystem and the entrepreneur’s willingness to grow. This study is particularly interested in exploring the relationship between entrepreneur’s familiarity with the key economic development organizations in the entrepreneurship ecosystem and the willingness to grow. Several studies have investigated the growth process in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) since the case has been made that high growth SMEs contribute to economic growth through job creation. To date, these studies have identified multiple internal and external determinants including their effects on small business growth. There is evidence in the literature that characteristics of the entrepreneurs such as the willingness to grow and the entrepreneur’s network are important factors in growth process. However, the relationship between growth process and the entrepreneur’s networking behavior is yet to be fully understood. Drawing from the entrepreneurship ecosystem literature, the growth process literature and the resource dependence theory, this study uses the business confidence survey from 2011 to 2013, which targeted all businesses across all of Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM) in Nova Scotia, Canada, to explore the relationship between the entrepreneur willingness to grow and the propensity to network with key economic development organizations of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The findings support the assumption that the proportion of businesses that are willing to grow (i.e. hire additional staff and enter new markets within the next twelve months) is higher for the group of businesses that are familiar with the key economic development organizations than for the group of businesses that are not familiar with them. However, the results are not homogeneous across all populations. Our findings also indicate that the higher the expectation to enter new markets over the next twelve months, the higher the odds to be familiar with the key economic development organizations. Our findings contribute to the literature around the association between networking and small business growth.
EN
Wireless network communication standards have become very common due to the huge benefits of their application. The use of radio waves to create networks has reduced infrastructure costs and increased the mobility of devices. The advantages of wireless communication (WLAN) also pose a challenge to the security of transmitted data. However, the use of a wireless signal poses certain threats to network security. The aim of the study was to analyse problems related to the security of WLAN 802.11. and assess its resistance to various attack strategies. It was assumed that wireless networks have an insufficient level of security. The assumed assumption is verifiable due to the ability to monitor events in networks. In order to verify the hypothesis, a number of experiments have been carried out in laboratory conditions, concerning the currently used WLAN protections from the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. The electromagnetic waves used for communication are available to the public at a distance of a few / several dozen metres from the communicating devices. It is easy to monitor air traffic using a network card that operates in monitor mode. The communication itself cannot be secured in any way, so data encryption is one way of secure transmission. During the research, the applied security features were successfully broken with the help of publicly available tools. The obtained results are distinguished by a high level of objectivity and reliability in the assessment of applied wireless network security. It was shown that there are still imperfections in the security and it is possible to break the security measures. The consequences of attacks are very serious and lead to a breach of each of the attributes of secure information. Practice has shown that it is impossible to create a wireless network that is fully secure. The findings of the study should be used to develop methods to improve information security, as well as to raise users’ awareness of existing threats. Not all users of wireless networks are aware of how easy some of the commonly used security features are to break.
EN
Partenij Pavlovič – the “wandering monk” as a networkerPartenij Pavlovič was a Bulgarian monk (ca. 1700–1760) who spent his entire active life in the service of the Serbian Orthodox Churches of Pec and Karlovci. He used the intellectual network created by the ecclesiastical structures and to some extent also created a personal network that helped him spread the anti-Muslim and anti-Catholic ideas the Orthodox church at that time stood for. As such, he is to a much lesser extent than is often assumed a forerunner of Balkan Enlightenment but appears to be strongly rooted in a rather medieval perception of the world. Partenij Pavlovič – „wędrujący mnich” jako twórca sieci Partenij Pavlovič był bułgarskim mnichem (ok. 1700–1760), który spędził całe swoje życie w służbie Serbskich Cerkwi Prawosławnych w Peći i Karłowicach. Wykorzystywał on sieć intelektualną stworzoną przez struktury kościelne i do pewnego stopnia stworzył osobistą sieć, która pomogła mu rozpowszechniać antymuzułmańskie i antykatolickie idee, propagowane przez ówczesny Kościół Prawosławny. Jako taki jest on w mniejszym stopniu prekursorem oświecenia bałkańskiego, niż to się zwykle twierdzi, był on raczej silnie zakorzeniony w średniowiecznym postrzeganiu świata.
EN
The influence of the social media phenomenon on organizational functioning (including human resource management) is increasing. One of the key issues in the new media environment is a dynamic development of virtual social networks. This article explores the subject of employer branding in the context of on–line networking. Employer branding activities on social networking websites seem to be at a very experimental stage at this moment. For this reason the article focuses on reviewing and verifying existing rules of employer branding in virtual networks. Rules that can be found in marketing and HR literature are described. Whether these theoretical rules are present in organizational practice (one social networking website—Facebook—is considered) is then verified. The result of this analysis is a set of directions that can serve as a base for further research and best practice development in the field of employer branding on social networking websites.
EN
The development of the concept of the network, which is used both to explain complex decisions made in the area of implemented policy and as a basis for introducing innovations, is currently of significant importance for organizations. The analysis of network relations may contribute to increasing the efficiency of managing complex interactions that also arise in the sphere of entities participating in activities aimed at satisfying social needs, which is why the common courts that constitute the system of justice is the subject of interest. The purpose of this article was to determine the levels of organizational maturity of common courts for the practice of cross-referencing within the justice system, the formulation of general recommendations in this area, and indication of potential benefits. The research involved direct interviews and participant observations as a result of the project POKL 05.03.00-00-012/11, entitled PWP Education in the field of time management and court proceedings costs – Case management. Nearly 10% of all courts in Poland were subject to the survey. The research results became the basis for determining the levels of organizational maturity of the courts. The results obtained indicate the potential for the judiciary to create horizontal organizational links, the purpose of which is to connect members of the organization, facilitate joint activities and learning, and consequently create new solutions to existing problems. The research shows that the level of maturity is varied, but judicial cooperation is possible, cutting hierarchical subordination as a voluntary inter-organizational network.
EN
The value co-creation, as a method of creating value in relations between enterprises and customers, is a reality that brings benefits for both sides. Practical business solutions presented in the article force to ask a question about topicality of the assumption that only the company is able to create a value to be exchanged on the market. Perhaps the best opinion that sums up this paper was brought by Harvard University mathematical biologist Martin Nowak in his article Five rules for the evolution of cooperation published in the Science Magazine: The two fundamental principles of evolution are mutation and natural selection. But evolution is constructive because of cooperation. New levels of organization evolve when the competing units on the lower level begin to cooperate. Cooperation allows specialization and thereby promotes biological diversity. Cooperation is the secret behind the open endedness of the evolutionary process. Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of evolution is its ability to generate cooperation in a competitive world. Thus, we might add ‘natural cooperation’ as a third fundamental principle of evolution beside mutation and natural selection.
EN
Background: The tourism cluster-approach is considered to be an appropriate strategy in emerging economies and less developed areas. Due to scarce resources and a great number of structural problems of rural areas in Montenegro, uniting all stakeholders and attractions into a competitive tourism cluster would ensure that the area could operate and become an effective and efficient rural tourism destination. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to highlight the key challenges of rural tourism clustering and provide new data and a wider understanding of the tourism-cluster approach in Montenegrin rural areas. Methods: Using the extensive literature, available secondary data from government bodies, NGOs, foreign development agencies, relevant international organisations and primary data collected from rural tourism operators in Montenegro, the paper investigates key challenges and factors associated with (in)efficiency of Montenegrin theme trails. Results: Several management and marketing issues are identified regarding the cluster approach implementation. Special importance and significance of information technologies and intelligent systems have been recognized in sense of cost-effective marketing implementation. Most Montenegrin trails are still in the first phase of cluster development, whereas just two of them have experienced a significant improvement in cooperative behaviour. Conclusions: Key benefits of the cluster approach are noted and clearly defined, but in the case of the Montenegrin rural tourism sector, these potentials are still, to a large extent, underused.
PL
Tematem pracy jest analiza obszaru komunikacji we współczesnej organizacji. Główny zamiar autorki to omówienie wielowarstwowości i otwartości organizacji, a także wpływu, jaki cechy te wywierają na komunikację w przedsiębiorstwie. Praca składa się z dwóch części. Część teoretyczna zawiera definicje: organizacji hipertekstowej, intertekstualności i dzieła otwartego. Istotą tych rozważań jest metaforyczne ujęcie organizacji, zgodne z nurtem postmodernizmu w zarządzaniu. Część praktyczna zaś poświęcona została analizie studium przypadku, przeprowadzonej na przykładzie firmy Sharp. W artykule podkreślono również znaczenie i rolę specjalisty PR w procesie kształtowania modelu komunikacji dla organizacji hipertekstowej.
EN
The article aims at analyzing the area of communication in contemporary organization. The author discusses the multidimensional character and openness of the organization as well as the influence of these features on the communication within the company. The article consists of two parts. A theoretical part includes the definitions of the hypertext organization, intertextuality and the open work. The point of this discussion is a metaphorical presentation of the organization according to postmodern management trend. A practical part focuses on the analysis of the case study of Sharp company. What is also stressed in the article is the significance of the PR specialist in the process of shaping the model of communication for the hypertext company.
EN
Krzysztof Śmietana le¢ Poland in 1980 to study in London as the only recipient of the British Petroleum Scholarship who was not a British national. A¢er returning to Poland in December 1981 to spend Christmas with his family, martial law was suddenly imposed and Śmietana was denied the right to leave for London and told his studies there had concluded. Fortunately, a friend helped him return to London where he subsequently expressed his outrage and sorrow, protesting against the regime in Poland during the „Medical Support for Poland” concert. Back in Great Britain, his artistry was quickly realised. He was invited to perform in the most prestigious halls and appeared on BBC Radio 3 with the highest appreciation in many critics’ reviews. roughout many of these concerts Śmietana had brought to light concertos by Szymanowski and Panufnik, was guest concertmaster of orchestras such as the LSO – PROMS at the Royal Albert Hall are examples of his abundant successes. e family from whom he rented a room were so full of admiration for his artistic endeavours that they made a beautiful 18th Century Neapolitan violin available for Śmietana. Owing to his clarity of musical ideas and ample attention to detail, Krzysztof Śmietana has reached the summits of classical music and taken his place among the very best.
EN
The paper focuses on the implementation of innovations and networking in the sector of tourism in two Slovak mountain destinations of international significance. The main objective of the paper is to identify and evaluate how innovations and networking contribute to tourist destination development in Slovakia. The implementation of institutional innovation resulted in the establishment of formal and informal networks. The developed networks consist of representatives of all sectors co-ordinating all relevant stakeholders. Formal and informal networks and the collaboration among stakeholders have launched other types of innovations in the tourism sector. The interactions and intensity of relations among stakeholders are analysed by network analysis. Destinations are compared with the network of the same size and density through quantitative network characteristics. Based on empirical research we investigate the impact of networks and innovations on tourist destination development. Due to the synergy effect of networking and implementation of multiple innovations, tourist destination development is observed.
EN
The paper focuses on the implementation of innovations and networking in the sector of tourism in two Slovak mountain destinations of international significance. The main objective of the paper is to identify and evaluate how innovations and networking contribute to tourist destination development in Slovakia. The implementation of institutional innovation resulted in the establishment of formal and informal networks. The developed networks consist of representatives of all sectors co-ordinating all relevant stakeholders. Formal and informal networks and the collaboration among stakeholders have launched other types of innovations in the tourism sector. The interactions and intensity of relations among stakeholders are analysed by network analysis. Destinations are compared with the network of the same size and density through quantitative network characteristics. Based on empirical research we investigate the impact of networks and innovations on tourist destination development. Due to the synergy effect of networking and implementation of multiple innovations, tourist destination development is observed.
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PL
Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań prowadzonych w latach 2010-2011, będących częścią projektu „Czynniki determinujące kształtowanie przewagi konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstw przetwórstwa żywnościowego Wielkopolski na rynku międzynarodowym” prowadzonego na terenie województwa wielkopolskiego. Artykuł prezentuje dane, dotyczące budowania sieci współpracy oraz trwania w nich przez analizowaną grupę małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw zinternacjonalizowanych. Przedstawiono w nim także korzyści wynikające z tej kooperacji, zarówno w ujęciu teoretycznym, jak i empirycznych danych pochodzących z badania.
EN
The article contains the results of studies conducted in 2010-2011 as a part of the project: "Factors determining the competitive advantages development of food processing companies from Wielkopolska in the international market", conducted in the Wielkopolska Region. The article presents data on networks building and remaining in it, by the analyzed group of small and medium-sized internationalized companies. It also shows the benefits of this cooperation, both in terms of theoretical and empirical sense of data from the study.
EN
The article deals with the need to study the characteristics of innovative school networks for the development of the national education system. It is accentuated that due to the integration of Ukrainian education in the European educational space, national system of education requires innovative forms of activity. Creating of innovative school networks is one of the forms of the innovative processes dissemination. The relevant researches concerning the problem studied are examined. The basic approaches to understanding the key concepts that are included in the semantic structure of the term «innovative school network» are defined. Different approaches to the definition of the term «innovation» are studied. It is shown that in the theory of education there are both general and more concrete definitions of the term «innovation». Existing researches of both home and foreign scientists concerning the terms «network» and «network society» are analyzed, which are necessary to better understanding of the main point of innovative school networks phenomenon. Interpretations of the term «network» in different scientific approaches are analyzed. It is shown that a network in education is a quite new organizational form that plays an important role in innovative school development and helps to overcome a traditional isolation of schools. Innovative school network is defined as a complex of educational establishments which are united by the common innovative idea and activity which is aimed at the increase of the teaching and educational process efficiency, the quality of management activity; further extension of educational experience in the network of schools and behind it. It is shown that the sphere of innovative management in education is a subject to constant studies and researches under conditions of the reformation, modernization of all areas of Ukrainian society life. The innovative school network is considered as a pedagogical phenomenon in the context of innovative educational management. It is pointed out that networks are an effective way of innovative educational development management under the conditions of the decentralization processes.
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