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Prawo w umyśle. Kilka uwag o teorii Leona Petrażyckiego w kontekście neurolaw

100%
Próchnicki M. M.
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
|
2019
|
vol. 62
|
issue 2
29-44
EN
Pioneering theories of Leon Petrażycki regarding law and emotions have not been popularized in the Western scientific literature. Yet, some authors writing on neurolaw, a new field of interdisciplinary studies, integrating neuroscientific research and legal studies, have proposed strikingly similar ideas regarding the essence of law. In particular, this concerns the idea of law as a mental state, which should be studied scientifically. The main objection to such a theory may be its reductionism. However, this theory could have been enhanced with a social, multi-layered context. Moreover, Petrażyckian idea of emotion as mixed cognitive-conative states, which serve as a main factor of ethical motivation, is nowadays an important point in philosophical-psychological discussions.
PL
Pionierskie teorie Leona Petrażyckiego dotyczące prawa i emocji nie doczekały się szerokiej recepcji na Zachodzie, jednak okazuje się, że autorzy z nurtu neurolaw, czyli interdyscyplinarnych studiów nad prawem, wykorzystujących metody neuronaukowe proponują podobne pomysły dotyczące istoty prawa. W szczególności dotyczy to ujęcia prawa przede wszystkim jako przeżycia psychicznego, które podlega badaniu za pomocą metod naukowych. Taka teoria naraża się na zarzut redukcjonizmu, który jednak przezwyciężyć można, nadając jej uspołeczniony, wielopoziomowy kontekst. Co więcej, przedstawiona przez Petrażyckiego idea, iż emocje pełnią szczególnie istotną rolę w motywacji etycznej i mają dwustronny, kognitywno-konatywny charakter, jest dziś szczególnie istotna w dyskusjach filozoficzno-psychologicznych.
2
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Predictability and reasonableness of doubt in the age of AI-law and neurolaw

85%
Neri R.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
|
2023
|
vol. 13
|
issue 3
234-248
EN
Translating legal neuroscience with artificial intelligence: only in this way will there be a low percentage of wrongful convictions. For some time now, especially in common law jurisdictions, nanotechnology has not been such a remote idea for intervening in the brain activity of criminals. It is a valid reversible tool selective, precise and effective than psychopharmacological treatments. The technology, on which the neurodevices are based, provides a pulse that alerts the subject with such implanted tools,without inhibiting him from his free will and conscious control. The function is thus twofold: predictive and preventive-rehabilitative. The debated question is whether neurointervention should be only voluntary or also mandatory. Is neurointervention an essential component of sentencing or only one of its possible forms? An attempt will be made here to provide an opinion on how the use of nanotechnology applied to neurolaw is legitimate to the principles of substantive and procedural criminal law.
3
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Neuromarketing from a legal perspective

71%
Krausová A.
The Lawyer Quarterly
|
2017
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
40-49
EN
Neuromarketing utilizes modern techniques of monitoring brain functioning in order to design efficient advertising contents. Due to its capacity to interfere with and to influence decision process of customers, neuromarketing is regarded as highly controversial. The article examines possible manners of protection of individuals from the perspective of personal autonomy and privacy protection. It analyzes possibilities of challenging validity of legal transactions made under influence of neuromarketing based advertising as well as applicability of unfair practices in advertising. The paper also claims that the current personal data protection legislation is not applicable. Privacy of mind is described in terms of privacy of contents and privacy of processes. Mental processes are considered as crucial for creating contents of mind as well as for an individual approach to own privacy. The article concludes that the current regulation of unfair practices as well as the regulation of privacy do not provide an appropriate level of protection and that general clauses should be complemented with specific provision on inadmissible practices in advertising.
4
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Neuroprawo a przypisanie winy sprawcy czynu zabronionego

50%
Kil J., Szydło J.
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
|
2022
|
vol. 1(XXII)
165-182
EN
The subject of this article is the analysis of the possibilities of using research methods and findings applied in the field of neurolaw in the process of assigning guilt to offenders under criminal law, as well as determining the degree of their guilt. The article presents the achievements of neurolaw – a field that uses research methods used in neurology and related sciences to study law. The study examines the usefulness of research methods used in neurolaw in the process of assigning guilt to the perpetrator of a prohibited act. For this purpose, the theories of guilt and the possibility of using neurolaw research methods in a criminal trial are discussed. The results of studies that show damage to specific areas of the brain have also been cited, and then it has been shown how the damage can affect the ability to recognize the meaning of the act and guide its behavior.
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza możliwości wykorzystania metod badawczych i ustaleń, stosowanych na gruncie neuroprawa, w procesie prawnokarnego przypisywania winy sprawcom czynów zabronionych, jak również ustalania stopnia ich zawinienia. W artykule przedstawiono dorobek neuroprawa – dziedziny, która do badania prawa wykorzystuje metody badawcze stosowane w neurologii oraz naukach pokrewnych. W opracowaniu zbadano przydatność metod badawczych wykorzystywanych w neuroprawie, w procesie przypisywania winy sprawcy czynu zabronionego. W tym celu omówiono teorie winy i możliwość wykorzystania metod badawczych neuroprawa w procesie karnym. Przytoczono również wyniki badań, które przedstawiają uszkodzenia konkretnych obszarów mózgu, a następnie wykazano, jak uszkodzenia te mogą wpłynąć na możliwość rozpoznania znaczenia czynu i pokierowania swoim postępowaniem.
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