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Neurotechnologie a jejich užití ve zdravotnickém právu

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Doležal T., Doležal A.
Časopis zdravotnického práva a bioetiky (Journal of Medical Law and Bioethics)
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2023
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vol. 13
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issue 2
72-94
EN
In recent years, neuroscience has been increasingly making its way into law, to the extent that a new name for the field has emerged abroad, referred to as neurolaw. This area of law takes an interdisciplinary approach to different branches of law, focusing on human conduct in the light of new findings in neuroscience. In the Czech environment, however, neurolaw is neglected, despite the fact that the discussions that take place in this field seem to be directly crucial for some areas of law. In fact, neuroscience has cast doubt on the very philosophical foundations of criminal and civil law, especially in the area of the question of the existence of human freedom. This article focuses on selected interesting problems that neuroscience raises in the field of medical law.
CS
Neurověda se v posledních letech stále více prosazuje i do práva a to do takové míry, že se v zahraničí objevil název pro nový obor označovaný jako neuroprávo (neurolaw). Tato oblast práva využívá interdisciplinární přístup k různým odvětvím práva, přičemž se zaměřuje na lidské jednání ve světle nových poznatků v oblasti neurověd. V českém prostředí je ovšem neuroprávo opomíjeno a to přesto, že diskuze, které v této oblasti probíhají, se zdají pro některé oblasti práva přímo kruciální. Neurovědy totiž vystavily pochybnosti o samotných filosofických základech trestního i civilního práva, a to zejména v oblasti otázky existence lidské svobody. Tento článek se zaměřuje na vybrané zajímavé problémy, které neuroprávo přináší v oblasti medicínského práva.
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Being Outside the Decision-Loop: The Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation and Brain-Computer Interfaces on Autonomy

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Michałowska M., Kowalczyk Ł., Marcinkowska W., Malicki M.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2021
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vol. 56
25-52
EN
Recent advancements in new neural technologies raise bioethical concerns over personal autonomy, which they potentially threaten to diminish or entirely eliminate. Although caution in the application of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) is explicitly urged in almost every study, the debate features a definitional void as to what notion of autonomy is actually adopted by the authors. The focus on autonomy has dominated the debate to such an extent that other essential values seem to be disappearing from the bioethical horizon, becoming less valued, less important, and less visible. This paper examines the autonomy-problem by probing whether DBS and BCIs indeed threaten personal autonomy. The impact of DBS and BCIs is studied on the examples of several illnesses, whereby the well-being of a person and the importance of informed consent are taken into account to assess the influence of these novel medical technologies on autonomy.
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