“Portrait of the All-American Girl in Time: The Contradictions Between 1950s Gender Ideology and Style in Seventeen Magazine, by Tadeusz Lewandowski, examines the ideał of adolescent femininity constructed by Seventeen magazine in the decade of the 1950s. Seventeen, First published in 1944, was the first periodical directed at teenage girls during the postwar era, and has until today remained the most popular. From its immediate in- ception during World War II it promoted a vision of the American girl as independent, and spoke out against gender inequality, much in keeping with the war emergency govem- ment propaganda of the time. However, by the 1950s Seventeen had been transformed from an organ that endorsed the emancipation of women from traditional gender roles to one that fully promoted the role of housewife as the single legitimate goal for young women. This was in accordance with the prevailing theories that emerged after the war as to women’s natural inclination to domesticity and motherhood, and the feminine ideał that appeared with it. To this, Seventeen added a consciously constructed ideał of adolescent femininity that its readers were expected to conform to, existing within the confines of a larger gender ideology that placed boys in a dominant position and encouraged physical beautification and allure. This paper explores Seventeen ’s adolescent feminine ideał and its roots, and also examines the contradictions between its emphasis on chastity and inno- cence, and the sexually charged clothing and make up styles that young women were urged to adopt within Seventeen 's pages.
This paper attempts to provide an overview of new motifs, protagonists and concepts in literary works conceived as aesthetic representations of various models of social withdrawal and isolation. To illuminate the social context, sustainable lifestyles and trends that emerged at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries (homing, cocooning, hikikomori syndrome) were used and interpreted as counter-designs to the social changes brought about by globalisation and digitalisation.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę dokonania przeglądu nowych motywów, bohaterów i koncepcji w utworach literackich pomyślanych jako estetyczne reprezentacje różnych modeli społecznego wycofania się i izolacji. Celem naświetlenia kontekstu społecznego zostały przedstawione style życia i trendy, które pojawiły się na przełomie XX i XXI wieku (homing, cocooning, syndrom hikikomori) i interpretowane są jako kontrprojekty wobec zmian społecznych wywołanych przez globalizację i cyfryzację.
DE
Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht einen Überblick über neue Motive, Protagonisten und Konzepte literarischer Werke zu geben, die als ästhetische Repräsentationen verschiedener Modelle des sozialen Rückzugs und der Isolation konzipiert sind. Zur Beleuchtung des gesellschaftlichen Kontextes wurden nachhaltige Lebensstile und Trends herangezogen, die um die Wende des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts entstanden sind (homing, cocooning, Hikikomori-Syndrom) und als Gegenentwürfe zu den durch Globalisierung und Digitalisierung hervorgerufenen gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen gedeutet werden.
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