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EN
The article describes new phenomena in the field of literature that have developed under the influence of digital technology. It points out to the conversion of the ontology of works and modification of the nature of perception that are associated with digital media. Literature created in digital technology becomes an audiovisual and multimedia experience. Its audience is given a new kind of experience based on participation. Participation is related to interactivity, which is one of the basic features of digital objects. They need action rather than contemplation to reveal. The authoress points out that, in new literary phenomena, digital medium becomes an important part of the work. It influences its structure, functions, manner of existence, and strategies for impact on the recipient. Every act of interactive reading is transformed into a performance – a oneoff and a unique event. Reading is transformed from contemplation into action engaging the reader’s physicality. Description of this modification of literary communication and the poetics of reception can be the key to understanding the essence of e-literature.
PL
The article describes new phenomena in the field of literature that have developed under the influence of digital technology. It points out to the conversion of the ontology of works and modification of the nature of perception that are associated with digital media. Literature created in digital technology becomes an audiovisual and multimedia experience. Its audience is given a new kind of experience based on participation. Participation is related to interactivity, which is one of the basic features of digital objects. They need action rather than contemplation to reveal. The authoress points out that, in new literary phenomena, digital medium becomes an important part of the work. It influences its structure, functions, manner of existence, and strategies for impact on the recipient. Every act of interactive reading is transformed into a performance – a oneoff and a unique event. Reading is transformed from contemplation into action engaging the reader’s physicality. Description of this modification of literary communication and the poetics of reception can be the key to understanding the essence of e-literature.
EN
In Wisława Szymborska’s creative works the poetic humour links with philosophical investigations on the important problems, such as the place of people in the surrounding world. The poet exposures discrepancy between images in human consciousness and their realisation in reality. The both cathegories – humour and wisdom – create the complementary arrangment and belong to the domain of irony, self-irony and scepticism. Szymborska’s poetic humour has cognitive value. It verifies admitted truths. After the Nobel Prize (1996) the literaty „amusement switch” took place, because Szymborska published the humorous verses in periodicals – later collected in separate book Rymowanki dla dużych dzieci (Little Rhymes to the Adult Children, 2003). Here the aspects of social games and the creation of the new literary genres are very important. The poet continues the tradition of absurdity in poetry, modyfies the schemes of West and Polish limerick and developes the small „neo-genres”, such as „moskaliki” („Moscow little verses”), „lepieje” („better-do-something verses”), „altruitki” („altruistic verses”) and „podsłuchańce” („overheared pieces”) in the separate cycles. Also pay attension to Szymborska’s collages (forms linking pictures and words), in which the poet goes back to plays of the surrealistic artists. In this very short poems we have to admire poetic invention and cleverness of literary concepts.
PL
W twórczości Wisławy Szymborskiej humor poetycki łączy się z filozoficznymi dociekaniami poświęconymi tak ważnym problemom, jak bycie człowieka w świecie. Poetka ujawnia reguły sprzeczności między wyobrażeniami w ludzkiej świadomości a ich realnym spełnieniem. Dwie kategorie - humor i mądrość – tworzą uzupełniający się układ i należą do domeny ironii, autoironii oraz sceptycyzmu. Humor Szymborskiej ma wartość poznawczą, weryfikuje bowiem uznane prawdy. Po Nagrodzie Nobla (1996) następuje „zwrot ludyczny”, gdyż Szymborska ogłasza w periodykach wiersze żartobliwe, zabrane później w osobnej książce Rymowanki dla dużych dzieci (2003). Ważne są tutaj aspekty towarzyskiej zabawy, jak też tworzenia nowych literackich gatunków. Poetka kontynuuje tradycje poezji absurdystycznej, modyfikuje schematy zachodniego i polskiego limeryku, jak też w osobnych cyklach rozwija małe „neogatunki”, takie jak „moskaliki”, „lepieje”, „altruitki”, „podsłuchańce”. Warto też zwrócić uwagę na kolaże Szymborskiej (formy łączące obrazy i słowa), w których poetka powraca do zabaw surrealistów. W jej krótkich utworach podziwiamy poetycką inwencję oraz pomysłowość literackich konceptów.
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