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Nazewnictwo miejskie, a wiejskie mikrosystemy toponimiczne

100%
Czaplicka-Jedlikowska M.
Acta onomastica
|
2016
|
vol. 55
53-60
EN
a1_The direct inspiration for my assessment of currently created rural toponymic microsystems was the change in property numbers and the naming of old country paths in my district of Koronowo and in the neighbouring district of Osielsko. New road and street names in rural areas are an addition to the toponymic resources. Having analysed selected examples of street names from rural toponymic microsystems, I observed a high repeatability rate. In the district of Koronowo, this refers to 30 names, and in the district of Osielsko to as many as 40! Consequently, the level of toponymic differentiation is low in these areas, both in terms of tradition and the organization of the social and cultural setting. The engagement of users in the naming process is minimal. A new trend is the domination of arbitral names, which constitute as many as 50 % of all road names in the district of Koronowo and nearly 80 % in the district of Osielsko. It is a testament to poor qualifications of the officials, who initiate the creation process of this system. They have difficulty in communicating with local residents with regard to the creation of the rural toponymic microsystem — being a new phenomenon as opposed to the long-established urban toponymy. It is a pity that they do not cooperate with linguists, onomasticians or historians of the region. Usually, the semantic and structural features used in new rural names are those that are common in the urban naming system. This means that the names of streets and roads (sometimes very small ones!) are - as can be seen in the examined material - a selective import from the urban culture. They do not fully express the character of the area, as they fail to make any reference to its historical or cultural heritage, despite the fact that these areas boast interesting historical backgrounds, related, for instance, to the struggle for independence in various periods, and are also full of geographical points of interest. Compared with politically-driven names of streets and new natural features (e.g. new lakes in the village of Kręgle, or the Grabina Park and the Wyczółkowski Grove), names commemorating historical events or topographical changes would simply have an associative value.
2
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Stanowisko Niemiec wobec współpracy z Rosją: nowe tendencje i wybrane problemy w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku

86%
Cziomer E.
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
|
2018
|
issue 8
58-70
EN
The paper synthetically presents new trends and selected issues concerning Germany’s stance vis-à-vis Russia in the second decade of the 21st century. It concentrates on an analysis of the following substantive issues: – draft of the essence of domestic political shifts in Germany and Russia in international context; – presentation of general assumptions featuring the new strategy in German policy vis-à-vis Russia; – showing principal challenges as well as selected problems of German cooperation with Russia in the period 2014-17; – underscoring new tendencies in Russia’s impingement on Germany together with German judgments as to Russia’s international role in the era of the Ukrainian crisis in light of opinion polls. Over the years 2003-17, as a result of internal changes in Germany, a multi-party system took on a shape that made it harder to create a coalition and a new government after the parliamentary election of September 24, 2017. In Russia, in turn, the authoritarian government system with president Vladimir Putin at the helm strengthened. President Putin, through the annexation of Crimea and support for separatists in Donbas, begot to the persistent destabilization of Ukraine. The above mentioned developments were accompanied by a transition from the post-Cold War, unipolar international system, with the United States on top, towards a multipolar international system with the rising significance of China and Russia. Russia transformed into a geopolitical “competitor” of its strategic partner, Germany. On the other hand, Germany – as a leading EU and NATO state – together with France attempted to solve the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. It managed merely to achieve a partial armistice in Donbas within the framework of the OSCE mission (the Second Minsk Agreement from February 12, 2015). Due to the strong political and economic ties, Germany solely and temporarily suspended some forms of contact and cooperation with Russia and decided to reintroduce them in 2015. Germany engaged in hammering Western sanctions against Russia and their implementation during 2014-18. It concurrently supported Ukraine in its endeavors to achieve association with the EU in 2016. Simultaneously, Russia took advantage of its trump cards in the form of its presence in Germany (“Russian Germans”, media: Sputnik and RT as well as sympathy in some political and social circles) to prop up anti-Western and populist tendencies in this country.
3
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Naujausi paminklų pavidalai Vilniaus miesto centrinės dalies aikštėse

51%
Novickas A.
Town Planning and Architecture
|
2009
|
vol. 33
|
issue 3
145-157
LT
Analizuojamos pastarųjų 15 metų laikotarpio paminklų realizacijos ir konkursiniai projektai, skirti Gedimino prospekto aplinkoje Vilniuje esančioms aikštėms. Tyrimu siekiama atskleisti naujausių istorinės atminties įprasminimo kompozicijų charakteringiausius meninės kalbos bruožus, jų įtaką šiuolaikinių visuomeninių erdvių formai ir turiniui, taip pat išryškinti sociokultūrinės aplinkos Lietuvoje poveikį paminklinei raiškai. Straipsnis pradedamas nuo trumpos paminklų Gedimino aplinkos aikštėse statymo istorinės apžvalgos, kontekstualizuojančios dabartinius Arkikatedros, V. Kudirkos ir Lukiškių aikščių memorialinius sprendinius ir jų projektus. Didžiojo kunigaikščio Gedimino, daktaro V. Kudirkos paminklai, Lukiškių aikštės sutvarkymo bei simbolio "Laisvė" konkurso ir Sausio 13-osios memorialo projektiniai pasiūlymai nagrinėjami dėmesį kreipiant į jų sąveikos su architektūrine ir urbanistine aplinka, vaizdinių, medžiagų bei technologijų semantinį aspektą. Remiantis atlikta analize daroma išvada, kad šiandieninė paminklinė raiška daugiausiai grindžiama konservatyviomis ideologinėmis nuostatomis, plėtojama remiantis įprastais galios ženklinimo sprendiniais ir vaizdiniais, tačiau tarp konkursinių projektų gausėja tokių, kuriuose įžvelgiamos paminklo sampratos ribų plėtimosi ir inovatyvaus požiūrio į visuomeninių erdvių kūrimą tendencijos.
EN
The paper deals with the recent projects of monuments and their realization for the squares of the central part of Vilnius. The aim of the analysis is to reveal essential features of recent memorial designs and their influence on the form and content of specific public spaces. The analysis of recent designs for Arkikatedra, V. Kudirka and Lukiškės Squares is contextualized with the help of a brief review of historic monuments of Vilnius. Particular attention is paid to the semantic aspect of architectural monument composition, imagery, technologies and materials. A conclusion is drawn that recent memorial designs for public squares are based on conservative ideology, and its development is mostly limited to traditional means of expression and usage of power symbols. Nevertheless, there are indications of a growing number of design proposals that are directed toward attempts to broaden the concept of monumental art and to bring out innovative tendencies.
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